معرفی و مقایسة تحلیلی نظریة آزمون کلاسیک و نظریة سوال-پاسخ در روانسنجی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
1 - عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز
کلید واژه: نظریة سؤال-پاسخ, پارامتر تشخیص, پارامتر دشواری, پارامتر مجانب, تابع آگاهی, تابع ویژة سؤال, نظریههای روانسنجی, نظریة آزمون کلاسیک, منحنی ویژة سؤال,
چکیده مقاله :
این مقاله به معرفی مختصر و مقایسة تحلیلی دو نظریة عمدة روانسنجی، یعنی نظریة آزمون کلاسیک (CTT) و نظریة سؤال-پاسخ (IRT) همراه با محسنات و محدودیتهای هر کدام از آنها پرداخته است. هرچند نظریة آزمون کلاسیک در اوایل قرن بیستم پایهریزی شد اما به دلیل داشتن محدودیتهای متعدد، همواره متخصصان را برآن میداشت تا جهت رفع این محدودیتها تلاش کنند. در فرآیند پیدا کردن راه حلهایی برای از بین بردن نقاط ضعف نظریة کلاسیک، نظریة جدیدی به نام نظریة سؤال-پاسخ در حدود دهة پنجاه شروع به رشد کرد و علیرغم این که سالهای بعد رفته رفته تکمیل شد و در ظاهر محدودیتهای نظریة کلاسیک را نداشت اما خود این نظریه هم هیچگاه فارغ از محدودیت نبوده و همواره ایراداتی به آن وارد شده است. هم اکنون هر کدام از این نظریهها در بین متخصصان تربیتی و روانشناسی و افراد مرتبط با اندازهگیریهای روانی-تربیتی، کم و بیش طرفدارانی دارد، اما در کشور ما هیچکدام از این نظریهها آن گونه که باید و شاید شناخته شده نیست. به همین دلیل مقالة حاضر سعی کرده هر چند مختصر، به معرفی نظریههای مذکور پرداخته و نقاط ضعف و قوت همچنین وجوه اشتراک و افتراق هر کدام از آنها را ارائه کند.
The study has dealt with a brief introduction and analytical comparison of two major psychometrics theory i.e. classic test theory and item-response theory along with their privileges and limitations. Although the classic test theory was founded in early part of the twentieth century. Its numerous limitations made the specialists think of means to remove these limitations. In the process of seeking solutions for removal of weaknesses in classic theory, they came up with a new theory in the 1950s which became known as time-response theory. Inspite of its gradual completion and apparent removal of limitations in the course of time, IRT has never been free from limitation and it has always been subject to some objections. For the time being each of these theories has more or less advocates among the educational ,psychological specialists and those who are related to psycho-educational measurements .These theories are not duly known in Iran ,so the present study tries to introduce these theories along with their weaknesses and strengths ,common and different points.
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