Morphological and Phytochemical Diversity among Some Iranian Rosa damascena Mill. Landraces
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتیHanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh 1 , Behrouz Ebadi 2 , Mohammad reza Morshedloo 3 , Akbar Abdi Ghazijahani 4
1 - Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55136-553, Iran
2 - Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55136-553, Iran
3 - Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55136-553, Iran
4 - East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
کلید واژه: Phenotype, Essential oil, Flower yield, Genetically diversity,
چکیده مقاله :
Essential oil of Iranian damask rose has high quality because of its desirable climatic and growing conditions. In the present study, an RCBD design was used to investigate the morphology and phytochemical characteristics of six damask rose landraces, collected from East Azerbaijan province. The investigated landraces showed a significant difference among morphological traits. According to the morphological characteristics, the landraces were grouped in two distinct classes including thorny and thornless. Qazi Jahan, Nadilu, and Kharaju (thornless) were the most suitable ecotypes in terms of flower yield and growth. Interestingly, petal, bud, and flower fresh and dry weight, bud number per branch, and essential oil content had a positive and significant correlation with flower yield. Essential oil analysis showed that citronellol, geraniol and n-nonadecane were the major components of the rose landraces. The amount of citronellol in the thorny genotypes was higher than that in thornless ones. On the other hand, n. nonadecane was the dominant component in the thornless genotypes. Our results demonstrated significant differences among the two classes of genotypes (with/without thorn) in terms of essential oil quality and flower yield. The important indices that influenced yield and percentage of essential oil of damask rose were petal fresh/dry weight, flower weight, petal length/width, and petal number among the 14 morphological traits, in addition to yield and essential oil percentage. There was a significant difference in odor between the thorny landraces and thornless ones. There was no significant difference in leaf length and width and number of branches per area between different landraces. These differences introduced a new variety of damask rose for breeding programs and industry.
عطر گلمحمدی ایران، به سبب کیفیت زیاد و رشد در شرایط اقلیمی مناسب از مرغوبیت خاصی برخوردار است. ژنوتیپ گیاه به مانند شرایط اقلیمی تاثیر زیادی بر کیفیت گلاب، تولید اسانس و سایر فرآورده‌های جانبی که از ارزش افزوده بالاتری برخوردار بوده، دارد. بدینمنظور پژوهشی در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار برای بررسی مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی تودههای بومی گل محمدی جمعآوری شده در استان آذربایجان شرقی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد، صفات مورفولوژیکی اندازهگیری شده در دو ژنوتیپ خاردار و بیخار در مناطق بررسی شده دارای اختلاف معنیدار بودند. منطقه قاضیجهان با پوشش گلمحمدی بیخار، از نظر عملکرد و دارا بودن مقادیر بالای صفات اندازهگیری شده مناسبترین منطقه بود و پس از آن مناطق نادیلو و خراجو با پوشش گلمحمدی بیخار عملکرد و پتانسیل مناسبی داشتند. از بین 14 صفت مورفولوژیکی به همراه عملکرد و درصد اسانس، صفات وزن تر و خشک گلبرگ، وزنتر و خشک غنچه، وزنتر گل، طول و عرضگلبرگ، تعداد غنچه در هر شاخه و درصد اسانس دارای بیشترین همبستگی مثبت و معنیدار با صفت عملکرد گل بودند. ترکیبهای سیترونلول (Citronellol) و ژرانیول (Geraniol) در هر گروه ژنوتیپ خاردار و بدونخار به میزان بالایی مشاهده شدند. مقدار سیترونلول (Citronellol) در ژنوتیپ خاردار نسبت به ژنوتیپ بیخار بیشتر بود. از طرفی، میزان ماده موثره ژرانیول (Geraniol) در ژنوتیپ بیخار نسبت به ژنوتیپ خاردار بیشتر بود. تفاوت قابلتوجهی در عطر تودههای خاردار با انواع بدون خار وجود داشت. از نظر طول و عرض برگ و تعداد شاخه در بین تودههای مختلف تفاوت معنیداری وجود نداشت. این تفاوتها راه را برای معرفی انواع جدیدی از گل محمدی برای صنعت کشت و پرورش ایجاد میکند.
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