پپتید نوکلئیک اسید: ابزار نوین مطالعه و کنترل عفونت های باکتریایی
محورهای موضوعی : باکتری شناسی
هنار نارنجی
1
,
حسین صمدی کفیل
2
*
1 - گروه میکروب شناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
2 - میکروب شناسی پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کاربردی داروئی، گروه میکروب شناسی پزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
کلید واژه: پپتید نوکلئیک اسید, حذف ژن , مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی.,
چکیده مقاله :
در سال‌های اخیر، ظهور باکتری‌های مقاوم به آنتی‌بیوتیک و روند کند پیشرفت در کشف داروهای ضد‌میکروبی جدید، کارایی روش‌های درمانی را محدود کرده است. در نتیجه، توسعه استراتژی‌های نوین برای مقابله با این باکتری‌ها ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. یکی از این راهکارها، استفاده از پپتید نوکلئیک اسید است PNA . یک ترکیب سنتتیک است که قادر به اتصال به DNA و RNA بوده و کاربردهای متعددی دارد. یکی از مهم‌ترین کاربردهای این ترکیب، جلوگیری از بیان ژن است که می‌تواند مانع رشد باکتری‌ها شود. برای هدف‌گیری یک ژن خاص، انتخاب توالی همولوگ و هماهنگ با ژن، مورد نظر است. در این راستا، توالی PNA باید بر اساس ویژگی‌های خاص و وابسته به دوز انتخاب شود. همچنین، انتخاب توالی‌های محافظت‌شده در جنس‌های مختلف باکتریایی می‌تواند فعالیت ضد‌میکروبی با طیف گسترده را فراهم کند. در این مقاله مروری، چندین مطالعه تحقیقاتی بررسی شده است که در آن‌ها از PNAs به منظور حذف ژن‌های هدف و مهار رشد باکتری‌ها استفاده شده است. نتایج این مطالعات، چشم‌انداز جدیدی را برای درمان عفونت‌های باکتریایی ارائه می‌دهد. با این حال، انجام تحقیقات بیشتر برای ارزیابی ایمنی، سمیت و فارماکوکینتیک این ترکیبات ضروری است. در این صورت PNA می‌تواند به عنوان یک گزینه درمانی بالقوه در کاربردهای کلینیکی آینده مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, coupled with the slow development of new therapeutic alternatives, underscores the urgent need for novel strategies to combat these pathogens. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are synthetic molecules capable of binding to DNA and RNA, making them useful for a variety of applications, including gene expression inhibition and gene knockdown to suppress bacterial growth. To effectively target a selected gene, it is crucial to choose a homologous sequence with the highest activity, and the PNA sequence must be tailored to the characteristics of the target gene. By targeting conserved genes within a specific genus, it is possible to inhibit the growth of a broad spectrum of pathogens. This study reviews researchs that have successfully achieved gene knockdown and bacterial growth inhibition. The findings offer a new perspective on therapeutic strategies, however, further investigations into the immunological responses, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of PNAs are essential for their clinical application. Indeed, PNA could be used as a potential therapeutic option in future clinical applications.
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1. Carson LM, Watson EE. Peptide Nucleic Acids: From Origami to Editing. Chempluschem. 2024;89(11):23.
2. Abbasi s, Emtiazi G. Antimicrobial peptides of haloarchaea: Properties and applications of halocin. Journal of Microbial World. 2022;15(51):88-108.
3. Good L, Nielsen PE. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) antisense effects in Escherichia coli. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 1999;1(1-2):111-6.
4. Jirakittiwut N, Sathianpitayakul P, Santanirand P, Akeda Y, Vilaivan T, Ratthawongjirakul P. Peptide nucleic acid-immobilised paper combined with multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification for the ultrasensitive and rapid detection of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):025-86691.
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