تبیین امکانات و ابزارهای رسانه‌های جمعی بر شکل گیری حکمرانی خوب در جوامع در حال توسعه (با تاکید بر تجربیات جهانی)

محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران

علی دماوندی کناری ¹ , سید علی طباطبایی پناه ² , سوسن صفاوردی ³

1 - دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی، واحد تهران مرکز ی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار علوم سیاسی، واحد تهران مرکز ی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/11/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/11/21 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/12/01

کلید واژه: حکمرانی خوب, رسانه های ارتباط جمعی, توسعه سیاسی, توسعه پایدار, افکار عمومی,

چکیده مقاله :

امروزه محیط بین الملل و کشورهای جهان به گونه‌ای درهم تنیده وابسته به مفهوم شبکه‌های اجتماعی و رسانه‌های مدرن گردیده است. این مفهوم تاثیرات به سزایی را بر محیط‌های اجتماعی و سیاسی کشورها گذاشته و مورد نظر بسیاری از سازمان‌های بین المللی نیز قرار گرفته است. مفهوم حکمرانی خوب به عنوان یک هدف، آرمان و راهبرد برای کشورهای در حال توسعه و حتی توسعه یافته، از سوی سازمان ملل متحد اعلام گردیده است. این نوع حکومتداری ویژگی‌هایی را دارد که موجب کرامت انسانی و بهبود فضاهای زیستی سیاسی در کشورهای متبوع می‌گردد. از این رو مفهوم حکمرانی خوب و راهبردهای آن به عنوان هدف اصلی کشورهای در حال توسعه برای رسیدن به مفهوم توسعه یافتگی محسوب می‌گردد. این پژوهش نیز با تاکید بر نقش رسانه‌ها در شکل دهی به مفهوم حکمرانی خوب، توانایی‌ها و عملکردهای رسانه‌های جمعی را مورد بررسی قرار داده و در گام بعدی امکان مندی و ارتباط دو مفهوم رسانه‌های جمعی و شکل گیری حکمرانی خوب را مورد تبیین قرار می دهد. این پژوهش به عنوان چهارچوب نظری از الگوهای بیان شده‌ی حکمرانی خوب از سوی سازمان ملل متحد و شاخص‌های آن استفاده برده و درصدد تطبیق این الگوها با توانایی‌ها و امکانات رسانه‌های جمعی است. شیوه‌ی تجزیه و تحلیل در این تحقیق بر مبنای توصیفی-تحلیلی و استفاده از الگوی کتابخانه‌ای جمع آوری اطلاعات است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The issue of conflict of interest is at the root of corruption and inefficiency. Given the importance of conflict of interest management in the efficiency and prevention of corruption on the one hand, as well as the important position of IRIB as a pervasive media in the country, on the other hand, the importance of identifying conflicts of interest in the organization in order to structure it more effectively. Makes it necessary. Accordingly, the study was conducted through the study of some documents and interviews with about 20 university experts and professors and a survey with the statistical population of 120 Broadcasting experts and media researchers. The recognized items in the research are: conflict of incomes with duties, conflict of duty with duty, observer and order alliance, executor and lawmaker alliance, simultaneous employment, revolving door, and gift acceptance. According to Fridman testing method, simultaneous and revolving door ranked first while conflict of duty with duty ranked last. In addition, some approaches to deal with the mentioned items are suggested in the research.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Ahrend, Rudiger (2002). Press freedom, human capital and corruption. Delta, 2002


2. Apaza, C. (2009). Measuring Governance and Corruption through the Worldwide Governance Indicators: Critiques, Responses, and Ongoing Scholarly Discussion. PS: Political Science & Politics, 42(1), 139-43


3. Besley, Timothy, and Robin Burgess (2002). "The political economy of government responsiveness: Theory and evidence from India." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 117.4 (2002): 1415-1451.


4. Bimonte, Salvatore. (2002) "Information access, income distribution, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve." Ecological economics 41.1: 145-156


5. Bjork, P.G. and Johansson, H.S.H. (2001). Towards Governance Theory: In Search for a Common Ground. Bjork-Johnson 2001 pdf. IPSA. http://unoacademia.ch


6. Brunetti, Aymo, and Beatrice Weder (2003). "A free press is bad news for corruption." Journal of Public economics 87.7 (2003): 1801-1824


7. Chowdhury, Shyamal K (2004). Do democracy and press freedom reduce corruption? evidence from a cross country study. No. 85. ZEF discussion papers on development policy, 2004


8. Coyne, Christopher. J & Peter T. Leeson. (2014). Read all about it! Understanding the role of media in economic development. KYKLOS, Vol. 57: 21-44. [0]. Available: http://www.peterleeson.com/Kyklos-- Media.pdf. Accessed 24/02/2014


9. Daniel Catalán-Matamoros (2011). The Role of Mass Media Communication in Public Health, Health Management - Different Approaches and Solutions, Dr. Krzysztof Smigorski (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307- 296-8, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/healthmanagement-different-approaches-and-solutions


10. Edvardo, (1999) Effect of mass media campaign to reduce socioeconomic differences in women's awareness and behaviour concerning use of folic acid: cross sectional study." Bmj 319.7205 (1999): 291-296


11. Freille, Sebastian, M. Emranul Haque, and Richard Kneller (2007). "A contribution to the empirics of press freedom and corruption." European Journal of Political Economy 23.4 (2007): 838-862


12. Gisselquist, R.M. (2012). Good Governance as a Concept, and Why This Matters for Development Policy. United Nations University –The World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki, Finland.


13. Grindle, M. (2004). Good Enough Governance: Poverty Reduction and Reform in Development Countries. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions, 17(4), 525-48.


14. Gupta, Sanjeev, Hamid R. Davoodi and Rosa Alonso-Terme.( 2002). 'Does corruption affect income inequality and poverty? Economics of Governance 3(1): 23–45


15. Harrison, G. (2005). The World Bank, Governance and Theories of Political Action in Africa. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 7(2), 240-60


16. Idada, W. and Uhunmwangho, S.O. (2012). Problems of Democratic Governance in Nigeria: The Way Forward. Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 3(1), 49- 54.


17. Jessor, Richard, et al (1977). "Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth." America (New York) 137.11: 19-22


18. Karlekar, K. and Becker, L.B. “By the numbers (2016): Tracing the statistical correlation between press freedom and democracy.” Center for International Media Assistance 2016. Available: http://cima.ned.org/sites


19. Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay. And Mastruzzi, P. (2006). Governance Matters. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2296


20. Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi. "Governance matters IV: governance indicators for 1996-2004." World Bank policy research working paper 3630 (2005)


21. Khan, M. (2008). The Illusory Lure of Good Governance and the Hard Realities of Growth in Poor Countries. An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at the University of London, London: SOAS Inaugural Lecture Series.


22. Minogue et al. (1998). Introduction: The Analysis of Public Management and Governance. In Minogue M., Polidano, C., & Hulme, D (Eds.). Beyond the New Public Management, Changing Ideas and Practices in Governance. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.


23. Moloney, K. (2009). Public Administration and Governance: A sector-levcl Analysis of World Bank Aid. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75(4), 609-27


24. Nanda, V. (2006). The “Good Governance” Concept Revisited. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 603, 269-83


25. Osmani, S. (2007). Participatory Governance for Efficiency and Equity: An Overview of Issues and Evidence. Background paper prepared for the World Public Sector Report 2007, United Nations Department foe Economic and Social Affairs, New York. 11 June


26. Peters, B.G. (2010). Governance as Political Theory. A Working Paper Presented at Jerusalem Forum on Regulation and Governance. The Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel. Working Paper No 22.


27. Reinikka, R. and Svensson, J., (2004), ‘The Power of Information: Evidence from a Newspaper Campaign to Reduce Capture’, Working Paper 3239, World Bank, Washington D.C.


28. Report of the Secretary-General’s High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-(2015) Development Agenda.. Available: http://www.un.org/sg/management/beyond2015.shtml. Accessed 05/02


29. Rotberg, R.I. (2004). Strengthening Governance. Washington Quarterly 38, 71-81


30. Rothstein, B. and J. Teorell. (2008). what is Quality of Government: A Theory of Impartial Political Institutions. Governance-An International Journal of Policy and Administration, 21, 165-90.


31. Roy, Sanjukta (2014). Media development and political stability: an analysis ofsub-Saharan Africa. [0]. Available: http://www.mediamapresource.org/wpcontent


32. Sampei, Yuki, and Midori Aoyagi-Usui (2009). "Mass-media coverage, its influence on public awareness of climate-change issues, and implications for Japan’s national campaign to reduce greenhouse gas emissions." Global Environmental Change 19.2 203-212


33. Schramm, Wilbur Lang (1994). Mass media and national development: The role of information in the developing countries. No. 25. Stanford University Press


34. Sheng, Y.K. (2008). What is good governance? United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP).Retrieved on March 12, from http://www.unescap.org.


35. Strömberg, David. (2004)"Radio's impact on public spending." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 119.1 (2004): 189-221.


36. United Nations Development Programme. (2007). Governance Indicators: A User’s Guide. New York: Document Library


37. Williams, D. and Young, T., (1994). Governance, the World Bank and Liberal Theory. Political Studies, 42, 87


38. Williams, G. (2009). Good Governance. In R. kitchin and N. Thrift (Eds.). International Encyclopaedia of Human Geography. London: Elsevies. 606-14


39. Wilson, Mark, Kitty Warnock, and Emrys Schoemaker.(2007) At the heart of change: The role of communication in sustainable development. Panos


40. Wilton Park. (2014) Conference report: Media and fragile states. Available: https://www.wiltonpark.org.uk


41. World Bank (1992): Governance - United Nations Global Issues. Retrieved from www.un.or