پیش‌بینی شاخص‌های دلبستگی فرزندان براساس شاخص‌های دلبستگی والدین: مطالعه بین نسلی
محورهای موضوعی : روان‌شناسی بالینی
محمدعلی بشارت
1
(استاد)
آرزو جباری
2
(کارشناس ارشد)
مهسا سعادتی
3
(استادیار)
کلید واژه: دلبستگی, انتقال بین نسلی, مدل تحلیل آمیخته,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش پیش بینی شاخص های دلبستگی فرزندان براساس شاخص های دلبستگی والدین بود. بدین منظور 207 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه های شهر تهران (146 دختر، 56 پسر، 5 نامشخص) و والدین (207 پدر، 207 مادر) با استفاد از روش نمونه برداری دردسترس به عنوان گروه نمونه پژوهش انتخاب شدند. شرکت‌کنندگان درپژوهش مقیاس دلبستگی بزرگسال (AAI؛ بشارت، 1392، 2011) را تکمیل کردند. نتایج همبستگی نشان داد که بین شاخص های دلبستگی والدین و فرزندان رابطه معنادار وجود دارد. نتایج مدل تحلیل آمیخته نیز نشان داد که شاخص های دلبستگی والدین توان پیش بینی شاخص های دلبستگی فرزندان را دارد و سبک های دلبستگی به صورت بین نسلی از والدین به فرزندان منتقل می شود. دراین پژوهش هرسه سبک دلبستگی مادر (ایمن، اجتنابی، دوسوگرا) توان پیش‌بینی سبک‌های دلبستگی فرزند (ایمن، اجتنابی، دوسوگرا) را داشت اما نتایج درخصوص سبک‌های دلبستگی پدر نشان دادکه سبک دلبستگی اجتنابی پدران توان پیش‌بینی سبک دلبستگی فرزندان را ندارد. براساس یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که ویژگی‌های دلبستگی قابلیت انتقال از نسلی به نسل دیگر را دارد. با شناخت مکانیزم‌های انتقال بین‌نسلی علاوه بر پیش‌بینی ویژگی‌های دلبستگی نسل بعد، می‌توان در چهارچوب برنامه‌های آموزشی- مداخله‌ای از انتقال ویژگی‌های آسیب‌زا پیشگیری و ویژگی‌های مفید و سالم را تقویت کرد.
T he aim of the present study was to predict children’s attachment indices from parental attachment indices. Two hundred and seven students (146 females, 56 males, 5 unspecified) and their parents (207 fathers, 207 mothers) were selected from universities of Tehran using convenience sampling method. The participants completed the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI; Besharat, 2011, 2013). The results indicated that parental attachment indices correlated significantly with children's attachment indices. The results of mixed model indicated that parental attachment indices could predicted children's attachment indices and attachment styles transmitted from parents to children intergenerationally. All three maternal attachment styles (secure, avoidant, ambivalent) could predicted children's attachment styles (secure, avoidant, resistant). However, paternal avoidant attachment style couldn’t predict children's attachment styles. The findings suggest that the attachment characteristics have the capacity to transmit from one generation to the other, by knowing the intergenerational mechanisms the attachment characteristics of the next generation can be predicted, and the transmission of pathological features could be prevented and healthy characteristics could be improved by implementing educational interventions.
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