طراحی و پیاده‌سازی مدل نوآوری باز و مشترک بر بستر سکوی دیجیتال در راستای بهبود سلامت جامعه در شرکت‌های فناوری اطلاعات
محورهای موضوعی : -اقتصاد بهداشت و درمانفریبا گودرزی 1 , حسین معین زاد 2 * , حسین ادب 3
1 - گروه مدیریت صنعتی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه مدیریت صنعتی و فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه مدیریت صنعتی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: نوآوری باز, نوآوری مشترک, سکوی دیجیتال, صنعت IT, تحول دیجیتال, سلامت جامعه.,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: سلامت جامعه، به عنوان مبناییترین دارایی انسان، از دیرباز جزو دغدغه های اساسی بشری محسوب شده و در طول تاریخ توجه عمده بسیاری از صاحب‌نظران و دانشمندان حوزههای مختلف علمی و از جمله صاحب‌نظران اجتماعی را به خود معطوف داشته است. هدف از تحقيق طراحی و پیاده سازی مدل نوآوری باز و مشترک بر بستر سکوی دیجیتال در راستای بهبود سلامت جامعه در شرکت‌های فناوری اطلاعات بود.
روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر از حیث هدف پژوهش کاربردی و از حیث روش، کیفی با رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد بود. در این پژوهش زاویه‌بندی روش شناختی با استفاده از روشهای مختلف گردآوری داده ها نظیر روش مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای و بررسی منابع و متون تخصصی و هم‌چنین مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته رعایت گردید. براساس نمونه گیری هدفمند، 14 نفر از مدیران و خبرگان شرکت‌های فعال در صنعت IT در تهران در سال (1402)، مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. مصاحبه‌های انجام شده در نرم افزار ATLAS.TI کدگذاری شدند. برای تائید نتایج به دست آمده براساس سه سویه سازی، داده‌ها مورد ارزیابی و تحلیل روایی قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش در پنج مقوله شرایط علی (فرهنگ نوآوری،مشارکت پذیری، زیرساخت‌های فناورانه نوین، دانش و تخصص و ایده پردازی)، مداخله‌گر (شرایط سیاسی، شرایط اقتصادی، شرایط صنعت و شرایط امنیتی و اعتماد)، شرایط زمینه‌ای(تأمین مالی نوآوری، پتانسیل فنی نوآوری و اکوسیستم کسب و کار) و راهبرد (توسعه مشترک محصول، تجاری سازی، هدفمندی نوآورانه در سکوی دیجیتال، پویایی محیطی، عملکرد خلاقانه منابع انسانی، تأمین مالی نوآوری، پتانسیل فنی نوآوری و اکوسیستم کسب و کار و سلامت جامعه) و پیامدها (رشد و توسعه کشور، توسعه مدیرت پروژه و توسعه صنعت) به تفکیک مشخص شدند. یک مدل در 6 مقوله، 20 کد محوری براساس 115 کد باز شناسایی شد. این مدل یکی از جامع‌ترین مدل نوآوری باز و مشترک بر بستر سکوی دیجیتال در راستای سلامت جامعه را مشخص کرده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از این مدل در شرکت‌های IT تهران باعث افزایش تعاملات بین افراد، سلامت جامعه و توسعه شبکه‌های همکاری می‌شود. با ایجاد مکانیزم‌هایی برای پذیرش خطا و کسب تجربه، افراد قادرند از اشتباهات گذشته یاد بگیرند و راهکارهای بهتری را برای مواجهه با چالش‌های آینده ارائه دهند. هم‌چنین، ارتباطات باز در سازمان امکان ایجاد فرصت‌های جدید برای تولید ایده‌های نوآورانه و حل مسائل پیچیده را ایجاد می‌کند. با ایجاد یک سکوی دیجیتال مناسب و با استفاده از ابزارها و فرصت‌های موجود، شرکت‌های IT در تهران می‌توانند به نوآوری‌های بیشتری دست یابند و رقابت پذیری خود را در راستای سلامت جامعه افزایش دهند. این مدل نه تنها به افزایش کیفیت و سرعت فرآیند نوآوری کمک می‌کند بلکه به بهبود محصولات و خدمات ارائه شده توسط شرکت‌ها نیز کمک می‌کند.
Introduction: The health of the society, as the most basic human asset, has long been considered one of the basic human concerns, and throughout history, it has attracted the attention of many experts and scientists in various scientific fields, including social experts. The purpose of the research was to design and implement an open and collaborative innovation model on the platform of the digital platform in order to improve the health of society in information technology companies.
Methods: The current research was applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of method with the approach of foundational data theory. In this research, the methodological approach was followed by using different methods of data collection, such as the method of library study and review of specialized sources and texts, as well as semi-structured interviews. Based on targeted sampling, 14 managers and experts of companies active in the IT industry in Tehran were interviewed in 2002. The conducted interviews were coded in ATLAS.TI software. To confirm the results obtained based on three strains, the data were evaluated and qualitatively analyzed.
Results: Research findings in five categories of causal conditions (culture of innovation, participation, new technological infrastructure, knowledge and expertise, and ideation), intervening conditions (political conditions, economic conditions, industry conditions, security conditions and trust), background conditions (innovation financing, technical potential of innovation and business ecosystem) and strategy (joint product development, commercialization, innovative targeting in the digital platform, environmental dynamics, creative performance of human resources, financing of innovation, technical potential of innovation and business ecosystem and community health) and consequences (country's growth and development, project management development and industry development) were identified separately. A model was identified in 6 categories, 20 core codes based on 115 open codes. This model has defined one of the most comprehensive open and joint innovation models on the platform of the digital platform in line with Juma's health.
Conclusion: The use of this model in IT companies in Tehran increases the interactions between people, the health of society and the development of cooperation networks. By creating mechanisms to accept mistakes and gain experience, people are able to learn from past mistakes and provide better solutions to face future challenges. Also, open communication in the organization creates new opportunities to generate innovative ideas and solve complex problems. By creating a suitable digital platform and using the available tools and opportunities, IT companies in Tehran can achieve more innovations and increase their competitiveness in line with the health of society. This model not only helps to increase the quality and speed of the innovation process, but also helps to improve the products and services provided by the companies.
1- Kim, T, F; Gary, W, E. The Built Environment and Mental Health. Journal of Urban Health, 2018; 80(4): 536 -55.
2- Kennedy E, Binder G, Humphries -Waa K, Tidhar T, Cini K, Comrie -Thomson L, et al. Gender inequalities in health and wellbeing across the first two decades of life: an analysis of 40 low -income and middle -income countries in the Asia -Pacific region. The Lancet Global Health, 2020; 8: e1473 -e88.
3- Klos, C., Spieth, P., Clauss, T., & Klusmann, C. Digital transformation of incumbent firms: a business model innovation perspective. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management; 2021.
4- Agnihothri, S. R., Cui, L., Delasay, M., & Rajan, B. The value of mHealth for managing chronic conditions. Health Care Management Science, 2020; 23(2): 185–202.
5- Dahl, A. J., Peltier, J. W., & Milne, G. R. Digital health information seeking in an omni-channel environment: A shared decision-making and service-dominant logic perspective. Journal of Business Research, 2019; 1–11.
6- Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 2019; 1–13.
7- Marques, I. C., & Ferreira, J. J. Digital transformation in the area of health: Systematic review of 45 years of evolution. Health and Technology, 2020; 10: 575–586.
8- Serrano-Ruiz, J.C., Ferreira, J., Jardim-Goncalves, R. et al. Relational network of innovation ecosystems generated by digital innovation hubs: a conceptual framework for the interaction processes of DIHs from the perspective of collaboration within and between their relationship levels. J Intell Manuf; (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-024-02322-5
9- Volpe, M., Veledar, O., Chartier, I., Dor, I., Ríos Silva, F., Trilar, J., & Kiraly, C. Experimentation of cross-border digital innovation hubs (DIHs) cooperation and impact on SME services. In L. M. Camarinha-Matos, X. Boucher & H. Afsarmanesh (Eds.), Smart and sustainable collaborative networks 4.0. PRO-VE 2021. IFIP advances in information and communication technology, 2021; 629. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85969-5_39
10- Vial, G. Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda. Managing Digital Transformation; 2021: 13-66.
11- Nambisan, S., Wright, M., & Feldman, M. The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges and key themes. Research Policy, 2019; 48(8): 103773.
12- Barrow JM, Annamaraju P, Toney-Butler TJ. Change Management. St. Petersburg, Florida: StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
13- Solow M, Perry TE. Change Management and Health Care Culture. Anesthesiol Clin, 2023; 41(4): 693-705.
14- Karimi S, Sohrabi Z, Aali M. Change management in medical fields, especially in medical education: a systematic review, 2021; 10(4): 219-27.
15- Daiberl, C.F., Oks, S.J., Roth, A. et al. Design principles for establishing a multi-sided open innovation platform: lessons learned from an action research study in the medical technology industry. Electron Markets 29, 711–728 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-018-0325-2
16- Georgescu, A., Avasilcai, S., & Peter, M. K. Digital innovation hubs—The present future of collaborative research, business and marketing development opportunities. In Á. Rocha, J. L. Reis, M. K. Peter, R. Cayolla, S. Loureiro & Z. Bogdanović (Eds.), Marketing and smart technologies. Smart innovation, systems and technologies, 2021; 205. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4183-8_29
17- Sassanelli, C., Panetto, H., Guedria, W., Terzi, S., & Doumeingts, G. Towards a reference model for configuring services portfolio of digital innovation hubs: The ETBSD model. In L. M. Camarinha-Matos, H. Afsarmanesh & A. Ortiz (Eds.), Boosting collaborative networks 4.0. PRO-VE 2020. IFIP advances in information and communication technology, 2020; 598. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62412-5_49
18- Butter, M., Gijsbers, G., Goetheer, A., & Karanikolova, K. Digital innovation hubs and their position in the European, national and regional innovation ecosystems. In D. Feldner (Ed.), Redesigning organizations, 2020. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27957-8_3
19- Bertello, A., De Bernardi, P. & Ricciardi, F. Open innovation: status quo and quo vadis - an analysis of a research field. Rev Manag Sci 18, 633–683 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00655-8
20- Saura, J. R., Palacios-Marqués, D., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. Exploring the boundaries of open innovation: Evidence from social media mining. Technovation, 2023; 119: 102447.
21- Nayeri, S, Hejazi, S.R, Sakhdari, K. The impact of open innovation on process innovation in small and medium-sized companies in Iran's food industry: the mutual effect of learning ability and protection ability. Quarterly Scientific Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2023; 14(3): 541-560.
22- Jugend, D., Fiorini, P. D. C., Armellini, F., & Ferrari, A. G. Public support for innovation: A systematic review of the literature and implications for open innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2020; 156: 119985.
23- Audretsch, B. D., & Belitski, M. The limits to open innovation and its impact on innovation performance. Technovation, 2023; 119: 102519.
24- Hanley, D., Li, J., & Wu, M. High-speed railways and collaborative innovation. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2022; 93: 103717.
25- Bao, Z., & Wang, C. A multi-agent knowledge integration process for enterprise management innovation from the perspective of neural network. Information Processing & Management, 2022; 59(2): 102873.
26- Dong, H., & Qin, B. Exploring the link between neighborhood environment and mental wellbeing: A case study in Beijing, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2017; 164: 71 -80.
27- Khomenko, S., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Ambros, A., Wegener, S., & Mueller, N. Is a liveable city a healthy city? Health affects of urban and transport planning in Vienna, Austria. Environmental research, 2020; 183: 109238.
28- Liu, Y., Wang, R., Lu, Y., Li, Z., Chen, H., Cao, M., & Song, Y. Natural outdoor environment, neighbourhood social cohesion and mental health: Using multilevel structural equation modelling, streetscape and remote -sensing metrics. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2020; 126576.
29- Bašić, M. How Does Open Business Model Transform Elements of Innovation Culture into Open Innovation Practices of High and Low Internationalisation Firms?. J Knowl Econ 14, 2878–2904 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-022-00993-0
30- Shalaby, A. New model for digital sustainable growth: Insights from human biology and surgical approach - a retrospective analysis of 15 years of constant socio-economic innovations at the Human Information Technology Lab, Finland. DESD 2, 14 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44265-024-00038-1
31- Spithoven, A., Clarysse, B., & Knockaert, M. Building absorptive capacity to organise inbound open innovation in traditional industries. Technovation, 2010; 30: 130–141.
32- Costabile, C., Iden, J. & Bygstad, B. Building digital platform ecosystems through standardization: an institutional work approach. Electron Markets, 2022; 32: 1877–1889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-022-00552-0
33- Cepeda-Carrion, I., Ortega-Gutierrez, J., Garrido-Moreno, A. et al. The Mediating Role of Knowledge Creation Processes in the Relationship Between Social Media and Open Innovation. J Knowl Econ 14, 1275–1297 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-022-00949-4
34- Colombo, M.G., Hoisl, K., Reichstein, T. et al. Open innovation, value creation and value capture: an introduction. J. Ind. Bus. Econ. 50, 731–742 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-023-00285-x
35- Wang, D., and S. Chen. Digital transformation and enterprise resilience: Evidence from China. Sustainability, 2022; 14: 14218.
36- Aulkemeier, F., Iacob, ME. & van Hillegersberg, J. Platform-based collaboration in digital ecosystems. Electron Markets, 2019; 29: 597–608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-019-00341-2
37- Sarwar, Z., Gao, J. & Khan, A. Nexus of digital platforms, innovation capability, and strategic alignment to enhance innovation performance in the Asia Pacific region: a dynamic capability perspective. Asia Pac J Manag (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09879-4
38- Sadr S. Sh, Zahedi E, Sadr S.R. Transformation management in the health system: challenges and solutions. Journal of Culture and Health Promotion of the Academy of Medical Sciences, seventh term, winter, 1402, number four, pages; 2023: 557-562.
39- Ishaqian Z, Jafari S.M.B, Yazdani H. Business model innovation framework based on the application of digital technologies. Innovation Management in Defense Organizations, 2022; 5(2): 1-26.
40- Asgharnia M, Ahmadizad A, Farhadi R. Challenges and requirements of implementing the digital transformation strategy in the telecom industry. Business Reviews, 2022; 6(2): 117-98.
41- Karimi M, Sanavifard R, Hamidizadeh A. Designing a digital technology model on the environment and strategic marketing capabilities of Hamedan Oil Products Distribution Company. Strategic studies in the oil and energy industry; 2022; 14 (53): 54-39
42- Ghaffari I, Ali Mohammadzadeh K, Sadr S.SH, Akhlaq Dost M. Management of intelligent communication and information systems in Iran's health system. Journal of Culture and Health Promotion of the Academy of Medical Sciences, fifth period, winter 1400, number four, pages; 2021: 454-448.
43- Majedah Awad Alruwaili, Raya Mohammed Ali, Sayed Shahbal, Sahar Gasi Alotaibi, Nabil Ayidh Althiyabi, Munira Khaled Aldosari, Salem Safar Al Saedi 2023. Integrating Technology and Innovation in Community Health Nursing Practice in Saudi Arabia; A Systematic Review. Journal of Namibian Studies, 35 S1 (2023): 2829-2852 ISSN: 2197-5523 (online).
44- Wang, X., Li, Y., Tian, L., & Hou, Y. Government digital initiatives and firm digital innovation: Evidence from China. Technovation, 2023; 119: 102545.
45- Putri, S. R. R., & Fontana, A. Surviving digital transformation era through strategic entrepreneurship with collaborative innovation between bank and fintech. In Proceeding of the International Conference on Family Business and Entrepreneurship; 2022; 3(1).
46- Marion, T. J., & Fixson, S. K. The transformation of the innovation process: How digital tools are changing work, collaboration, and organizations in new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2021; 38(1): 192-215.