سمیت تنفسی اسانس مرزه(Lamiaceae) Satureja hortensis روی مراحل مختلف زیستی شپشه‌ی آرد Tribolium confusum و شب‌پره‌ی هندی Plodia interpunctella
محورهای موضوعی : حشره شناسی گیاهان زراعی
کلید واژه: اسانس, زیست سنجی, Satureja hortensis, Tribolium confusum, .Plodia inetrpunctella,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق سمیت تنفسی اسانس مرزه روی مراحل تخم، لارو، شفیره و حشره ی کامل شپشه ی آرد و شب‌پره ی هندی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اسانس گیاه مرزه به روش تقطیر با آب توسط دستگاه اسانس‌گیر شیشه‌ای مدل کلونجر استخراج شد. آزمایش های مربوط به ارزیابی سمیت تنفسی اسانس مرزه روی حشرات کامل 7-1 روزه، شفیره‌های 4-2 روزه، لاروهای 14-12 روزه و تخم‌های 3-1 روزه ی این دو گونه در دمای 1±25 درجه ی سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 5±60 درصد در چهار تکرار و با مدت زمان گازدهی 24 ساعت انجام شدند. مقادیر LC50برای مراحل تخم، لارو، شفیره و حشره ی کامل شپشه‌ی آرد به ترتیب 38/22، 43/30، 97 ، 82/98 و برای شب‌پره ی هندی 81/13، 97/26، 08/33 و 2/47 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا بودند. علاوه بر آن، با افزایش غلظت اسانس تأثیر آن بر تفریخ تخم، مرگ ومیر لاروها و حشرات کامل و تبدیل شفیره ها به حشرات کامل افزایش یافت. حساس‌ترین و مقاوم ترین مراحل زیستی هر دو گونه به ترتیب تخم و حشره ی کامل آن ها بود و در حالت کلی، شب‌پره ی هندی حساس‌تر از شپشه‌ی آرد بود. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده اسانس مرزه می تواند به عنوان یک ترکیب کم خطر در طراحی و ساخت حشره کش های جدید در مدیریت تلفیقی این آفات مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
In this study fumigant toxicity of summer savoury (Satureja hortensis L.) essential oil was investigated on different biological stages as eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val) and Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). Essential oil of summer savoury was extracted with hydrodistillation method by Cleavenger-type apparatus. Bioassays were tested on 1-7-day old adults, 2-4 day old pupae, 12-14 day old larvae and 1-3 day old eggs at 25±1 ˚C and 60±5% relative humidity in four replications with 24 hours exposure time. The LC50 values for eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of T. confusum and P. interpunctella were 18, 27, 66, 83 and 12, 22, 28 and 43 µl/l respectively. In addition, increase of essential oil concentration, increased amounts of unhatched eggs and mortality of larvae, pupae and adults. The most susceptible and most resistant growth stages in both species were egg and adult respectively. P. interpunctella was more susceptible than T. confusum. Based on the results of this study essential oil of summer savory could be used as a safe compound in designing and production of new insecticides for integrated management of these pests.
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