سمیت تنفسی اسانس سرو کوهی orientalis Thuja روی مراحل مختلف زیستی سوسک چهارنقطه‌ای حبوبات Callosobruchus maculatus (Col.: Bruchidae)
محورهای موضوعی : حشره شناسی گیاهان زراعی
کلید واژه: سمیت تنفسی, اسانس‌گیاهی, زیست‌سنجی, سوسک چهارنقطه‌ای حبوبات, .Thuja orientalis,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به سمیت بالای اسانس‌های گیاهی برای آفات انباری و سمیت پایین آن ها برای جانوران خون گرم، این مواد می توانند به عنوان جایگزین مناسبی برای سموم شیمیایی رایج باشند. در این تحقیق تأثیر اسانس سروکوهی، روی مراحل زیستی تخم، لارو و حشره ی کامل سوسک چهارنقطه ای حبوبات ارزیابی شد. برای این منظور، اسانس برگ های تازه ی این گیاه توسط دستگاه کلونجر و با روش تقطیر با آب استخراج گردید و سمیت تنفسی آن روی حشرات بالغ یک تا سه روزه، لاروهای یک تا هفت روزه و تخم های یک روزه در دمای 1±25 درجه ی سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 5±70 درصد با غلظت های مختلف 7/5 تا 60 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا در چهار تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که این اسانس می تواند به عنوان جای گزینی مناسب برای آفت کش های شیمیایی معرفی گردد. مراحل مختلف زیستی سوسک چهارنقطه ای حساسیت متفاوتی نسبت به این اسانس داشتند و مرحله ی بالغ حشره، حساس تر از سایر مراحل بود. مقدار LC50 محاسبه شده دراین پژوهش در 24 ساعت گازدهی حشرات بالغ، لاروها و تخم به ترتیب 65/0±05/12، 35/1±19/39 و 91/0±60/22 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا بود.
Due to a high toxicity of the plant extracts on stored product pests and their low toxicity on homoiothermique animals, they might be appropriate alternatives for conventional chemicals. In the present research, inhalation toxicity of Thuja orientalis extract is evaluated against the eggs, larvae and adults of Callosobruchus maculatus. The essential oil of fresh leaves of T. orientalis was extracted using distillation method using a Clevenger apparatus. Toxicity of concentrations ranging 5.7-60 µl/l air were assayed in 4 replications on 1-3-day old adults, 1-7-day old larvae and 1-day old eggs of C. maculatus at 25±1°C, and 70±5% RH. Results showed that the extracts could be introduced as an alternative for chemicals tentatively. Moreover, our experiments revealed that the mortality rate increases considerably in higher concentrations and longer exposure periods. Additionally, different life stages of C. maculatus showed different susceptibilities to the extract since the adults were more susceptible in comparison with eggs and larvae to the extract. The estimated LC50 values in 24h exposure period were 12.05 ± 0.65, 39.19 ± 1.35 and 22.60 ± 0.91 µl/l air for adults, larvae and eggs, respectively.
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