ارتباط میزان سیانور با ارتفاع، عمق و فاصله از مجتمع طلای موته در خاک و آب پناهگاه حیات وحش موته، اصفهان
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست
جابر اعظمی
1
,
نادر بهرامی فر
2
1 - استادیار گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان. زنجان، ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات).
2 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، مازندران، نور، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1393/02/20
تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/08/20
تاریخ انتشار : 1397/01/01
کلید واژه:
سیانور,
استخراج طلا,
پناهگاه,
موته,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: برای استحصال طلا، محلول سیانید سدیم به عنوان عامل آبشویی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد؛ در نتیجه پساب حاصل از این فرآیند، حجم بسیار زیادی از سیانور ایجاد می کند. با توجه به سمیت بسیار زیاد سیانور، هدف از انجام این مطالعه تعیین سیانور در پساب مجتمع طلای موته و بررسی تاثیر ارتفاع، فاصله و عمق بر توزیع آلودگی سیانور در خاک و آب زیرزمینی پناهگاه حیات وحش موته در استان اصفهان است.
روش بررسی: با توجه به موقعیت چاه های آب موجود در منطقه مورد مطالعه، یازده ایستگاه در بهار 1390 انتخاب و نمونه های از خاک سطحی، زیر سطحی (5/0 متری) و آب زیرزمینی جهت اندازه گیری سیانور برداشته شد.
یافته ها: با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا، فاصله از معدن و کاهش عمق خاک مقدار سیانور کاهش می یابد. در سطح 95 درصد، اختلاف معنی داری بین سیانور خاک سطح و زیر سطح وجود نداشت. میزان سیانور در آب زیرزمینی با خاک سطحی اختلاف معنی دار ولی با خاک زیر سطح تفاوت معنی داری نداشت. میانگین نتایج اندازه گیری شده سیانور پساب کارخانه 287 میلی گرم در لیتر است، که بیش از 500 برابر حد مجاز تخلیه سیانور در آب است.
نتیجه گیری: میزان سیانور در ایستگاه های مطالعاتی غیر از محل خروج پساب کارخانه و ایستگاه سوم با فاصله سه و نیم کیلومتری از خروجی که از آب آن برای وحوش و فعالیت معدن کاوی استفاده می شود؛ از براساس نظر سازمان بهداشت جهانی حد مجاز که 07/0 میلی گرم در لیتر است، تجاوز نکرده ولی گزارش چندین حادثه مرگ و میر حیوانات وحشی منطقه پس از سرریز پساب کارخانه هشداری جدی برای محیط زیست آن منطقه است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Sodium cyanide is used in the process of extracting gold from the ore. The waste water that is produced during this process contains high levels of cyanide. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of cyanide in the waste water of Mooteh Gold mine. We also wanted to investigate effects of distance, depth, and altitude on cyanide dispersion in soil and groundwater of Mooteh Wildlife Refuge.
Method: In April 2012, samples of surface and under ground (0.5 m) soil and groundwater was collected from 11 locations from Mooteh Wildlife Refuge
Results: Total cyanide level was decreased with increasing of altitude, distance from mine and decreasing depth of soil. There is no significant difference between cyanide concentration of surface and ground soils; groundwater and ground soils, respectively. But, there is a significant difference between cyanide concentration of groundwater and surface soils.
Conclusion: Cyanide level is higher than acceptable level in existence wastewater and station number three. Also there are several papers about death wildlife especially Iranian Deer after wastewater overflow from Gold Mooteh Mine in this location. So, managers and officials should be taken more care.
منابع و مأخذ:
Manning K, editor. Detoxification of cyanide by plants and hormone action1988: Wiley Online Library.
Logsdon MJ, Hagelstein K, Mudder T, Metals ICo, Environment t. The management of cyanide in gold extraction: International Council on Metals and the Environment; 1999.
Müezzinogˇlu A. A review of environmental considerations on gold mining and production. 2003.
Donato D, Nichols O, Possingham H, Moore M, Ricci P, Noller B. A critical review of the effects of gold cyanide-bearing tailings solutions on wildlife. Environment international. 2007; 33 (7): 974-84.
Griffiths SR, Smith GB, Donato DB, Gillespie CG. Factors influencing the risk of wildlife cyanide poisoning on a tailings storage facility in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2009;72(5):1579-86.
Baskin Si, Kelly Jb, Maliner Bi, Rockwood Ga. Cyanide poisoning. Medical aspects of chemical warfare. 2009:371.
Dube PN, Hosetti B. Modulation in the protein metabolism by subacute sodium cyanide intoxication in the freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Drug and Chemical Toxicology. 2012(00):1-7.
Malhotra S, Pandit M, Kapoor J, Tyagi D. Photo‐oxidation of cyanide in aqueous solution by the UV/H2O2 process. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 2005;80(1):13-9.
Meeussen JCL, Keizer MG, Van Riemsdijk WH, De Haan FAM. Dissolution behavior of iron cyanide (Prussian blue) in contaminated soils. Environmental science & technology. 1992;26(9):1832-8.
Fallon R, Cooper D, Speece R, Henson M. Anaerobic biodegradation of cyanide under methanogenic conditions. Applied and environmental microbiology. 1991;57(6):1656-62.
Gijzen HJ, Bernal E, Ferrer H. Cyanide toxicity and cyanide degradation in anaerobic wastewater treatment. Water Research. 2000;34(9):2447-54.
Esfahani SF, Karami M. A Study on the Feasibility of Establishing a Habitat Corridor for Large Herbivores between Mooteh and Ghameshloo Wildlife Refuges, Esfahan Province, Iran. Bulletin of the National Institute of Ecology. 2005;16:137-9.
Carr SA, Baird RB, Lin BT. Wastewater derived interferences in cyanide analysis. Water Research. 1997;31(7):1543-8.
Eaton AD, Franson MAH. Standard methods for the examination of water & wastewater: Amer Public Health Assn; 2005.
Akcil A. Destruction of cyanide in gold mill effluents: biological versus chemical treatments. Biotechnology Advances. 2003;21(6):501-11.
Taebi A, Bafqi ARZ, Sartaj M. Transport and Fate of Cyanide in Soil: Case Study of Mooteh Valley. WATER AND WASTEWATER. 2006.
Wild SR, Rudd T, Neller A. Fate and effects of cyanide during wastewater treatment processes. Science of the total environment. 1994;156(2):93-107.
Aragon F, Rud JP. Mining, Pollution and Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Ghana2012.
Liau KF. Removal of cyanide using photocatalysis-membrane hybrid system: UTAR; 2011.
Ghosh RS, Nakles DV, Murarka IP, Neuhauser EF. Cyanide speciation in soil and groundwater at manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. Environmental engineering science. 2004;21(6):752-67.
Kjeldsen P. Behaviour of cyanides in soil and groundwater: a review. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 1999;115(1):279-308.
Chapman DV, Unesco, Organization WH, Programme UNE. Water quality assessments: a guide to the use of biota, sediments, and water in environmental monitoring: E & Fn Spon; 1996.
_||_
Manning K, editor. Detoxification of cyanide by plants and hormone action1988: Wiley Online Library.
Logsdon MJ, Hagelstein K, Mudder T, Metals ICo, Environment t. The management of cyanide in gold extraction: International Council on Metals and the Environment; 1999.
Müezzinogˇlu A. A review of environmental considerations on gold mining and production. 2003.
Donato D, Nichols O, Possingham H, Moore M, Ricci P, Noller B. A critical review of the effects of gold cyanide-bearing tailings solutions on wildlife. Environment international. 2007; 33 (7): 974-84.
Griffiths SR, Smith GB, Donato DB, Gillespie CG. Factors influencing the risk of wildlife cyanide poisoning on a tailings storage facility in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2009;72(5):1579-86.
Baskin Si, Kelly Jb, Maliner Bi, Rockwood Ga. Cyanide poisoning. Medical aspects of chemical warfare. 2009:371.
Dube PN, Hosetti B. Modulation in the protein metabolism by subacute sodium cyanide intoxication in the freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Drug and Chemical Toxicology. 2012(00):1-7.
Malhotra S, Pandit M, Kapoor J, Tyagi D. Photo‐oxidation of cyanide in aqueous solution by the UV/H2O2 process. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 2005;80(1):13-9.
Meeussen JCL, Keizer MG, Van Riemsdijk WH, De Haan FAM. Dissolution behavior of iron cyanide (Prussian blue) in contaminated soils. Environmental science & technology. 1992;26(9):1832-8.
Fallon R, Cooper D, Speece R, Henson M. Anaerobic biodegradation of cyanide under methanogenic conditions. Applied and environmental microbiology. 1991;57(6):1656-62.
Gijzen HJ, Bernal E, Ferrer H. Cyanide toxicity and cyanide degradation in anaerobic wastewater treatment. Water Research. 2000;34(9):2447-54.
Esfahani SF, Karami M. A Study on the Feasibility of Establishing a Habitat Corridor for Large Herbivores between Mooteh and Ghameshloo Wildlife Refuges, Esfahan Province, Iran. Bulletin of the National Institute of Ecology. 2005;16:137-9.
Carr SA, Baird RB, Lin BT. Wastewater derived interferences in cyanide analysis. Water Research. 1997;31(7):1543-8.
Eaton AD, Franson MAH. Standard methods for the examination of water & wastewater: Amer Public Health Assn; 2005.
Akcil A. Destruction of cyanide in gold mill effluents: biological versus chemical treatments. Biotechnology Advances. 2003;21(6):501-11.
Taebi A, Bafqi ARZ, Sartaj M. Transport and Fate of Cyanide in Soil: Case Study of Mooteh Valley. WATER AND WASTEWATER. 2006.
Wild SR, Rudd T, Neller A. Fate and effects of cyanide during wastewater treatment processes. Science of the total environment. 1994;156(2):93-107.
Aragon F, Rud JP. Mining, Pollution and Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Ghana2012.
Liau KF. Removal of cyanide using photocatalysis-membrane hybrid system: UTAR; 2011.
Ghosh RS, Nakles DV, Murarka IP, Neuhauser EF. Cyanide speciation in soil and groundwater at manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. Environmental engineering science. 2004;21(6):752-67.
Kjeldsen P. Behaviour of cyanides in soil and groundwater: a review. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 1999;115(1):279-308.
Chapman DV, Unesco, Organization WH, Programme UNE. Water quality assessments: a guide to the use of biota, sediments, and water in environmental monitoring: E & Fn Spon; 1996.
