رابطه تنوع گونه‌های گیاهی با عوامل محیطی در منطقه وزگ یاسوج
محورهای موضوعی : تنوع زیستیرقیه آقایی 1 , سهراب الوانی نژاد 2 , رضا بصیری 3 , رقیه ذوالفقاری 4
1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری، گروه جنگل، مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یاسوج.
2 - استادیار گروه جنگل، مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یاسوج. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران.
4 - دانشیار گروه گروه جنگل، مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یاسوج.
کلید واژه: شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی, عوامل فیزیوگرافی, ویژگی¬های خاک, یاسوج.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: تنوع گونه‌ای یکی از موضوعات مهم و اساسی در اکولوژی به خصوص اکولوژی پوشش گیاهی مطرح می‌باشد. هدف از انجام این تحقیق مطالعه تنوع گونه‌های گیاهی در رابطه با عوامل محیطی در بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی زاگرس واقع در منطقه وزگ، در جنوب شرقی یاسوج بوده است. روش بررسی: برای این منظور منطقه‌ای به مساحت 308 هکتار انتخاب شد. سپس به صورت تصادفی- سیستماتیک تعداد 61 قطعه نمونه به ابعاد 30×15 متر و 305 میکروپلات به ابعاد 2×5/0 متر به روش حداقل مساحت نمونه¬برداری شد. به منظور بررسی تنوع گونه‌ای گیاهان، از متداول‌ترین شاخص‌های تنوع گونه‌ای استفاده شد. سپس از آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه برای بررسی اختلاف‌های کلی در طبقات مختلف عوامل فیزیوگرافی استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر تنوع و یکنواختی تأثیر معنی¬دار داشته و دامنه ارتفاعی بالا بیشترین تنوع و یکنواختی را دارد. جهت دامنه نیز بر غنای گونه‌ای اثر معنی‌دار داشته و جهت شمال شرقی بیشترین مقدار غنا را نشان داد. اثر شیب بر تنوع و یکنواختی معنی‌دار بود به طوری که شاخص تنوع و یکنواختی در شیب‌های بالا (70-51 درصد) بالاترین مقدار بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های تنوع گونه‌ای با خصوصیات خاک مانند نیتروژن کل، سیلت و نسبت C/N همبستگی معنی‌داری دارند. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: بطور کلی نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در منطقه مورد مطالعه، عوامل فیزیوگرافی رویشگاه (ارتفاع از سطح دریا، شیب و جهت جغرافیایی) همراه با عوامل خاکی همواره نقش اساسی و تعیین کننده‌ای بر الگوی تغییرات تنوع زیستی گیاهی ایفا می‌کنند. بنابراین انجام مطالعات متعدد در این زمینه در جنگل‌های زاگرس یکی از بهترین راهکارها برای نیل به مدیریت بهینه می‌باشد.
Background and Objective: The diversity is one of the most important issues in ecological studies, especially in vegetation ecology. This research aims to study plant biodiversity in relation to environmental factors survived in the southeast of Yasouj which is the central forests of Zagros ecosystem. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, a region with an area of 308 hectares was selected. Then, 61 plots (15×30 m) and 305 microplots (0.5×2 m) were established using random-systematic sampling method. The plots dimensions were also determined using minimal area method. To evaluate the diversity of plant species the most commonly diversity indices was used. Then, one-way ANOVA was used to examine differences in various classes. Findings: Results showed that elevation factor had a strong effect on species diversity and evenness as higher altitude showed higher amount of diversity and evenness. Aspect had significant effect on richness and marked the highest in the northeast. The results also showed that diversity and evenness were affected by slope and they are higher in 51-70 % of slopes. Also, the results indicated that there was a correlation between biodiversity indices with soil properties such as N, Silt and C/N ratio. Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, the results of this research in the region showed that, physiographic factors (altitude, slope and aspect) with soil properties always play a decisive role in the pattern of changes in plant biodiversity. So, of many studies carried out in this subject in Zagros forests, this is a very good one to achieve optimal management.
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