تبیین برهم کنش چیدمان بلوک های مسکونی و پراکنش آلودگی باتوجه به جریان هوای طبیعی ( نمونه موردی: مجتمع مسکونی سبحان تهران)
محورهای موضوعی :
معماری و شهرسازی
تیناسادات صدرالغروی
1
,
مهناز محمودی زرندی
2
,
فاطمه مهدیزاده سراج
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشیار، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال ، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استاد، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/05/05
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/09/27
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/03/01
کلید واژه:
جریان هوای طبیعی,
Envi-Met,
چیدمان ساختمان های مسکونی,
پراکنش ذرات معلق آلاینده,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: افزایش روزافزون جمعیت و احداث ساختمان های بلند، وجود آلاینده‌های محیطی در شهرها را چند برابرکرده است. از طرفی افراد برای رفع نیازهای زیستی خود بیش از گذشته از محیط‌های باز شهری استفاده می‌کنند. دراین راستا عوامل مختلفی همچون چیدمان ساختمان ها و وجود جریان‌های مستمر باد می‌تواند نقش قابل‌توجهی در پراکنش ذرات آلاینده داشته باشد. مطالعه حاضر در این زمینه و با هدف تعیین تاثیر چیدمان ساختمان های بلند مسکونی بر چگونگی پراکنش ذرات آلاینده، با شناخت جریان هوای شهر تهران انجام گرفته استروش بررسی: دراین پژوهش با استفاده از روشهای توصیفی-تحلیلی و مقایسه ای با به کارگیری تکنیک شبیه سازی با استفاده از نرم افزار ENVI-met به بررسی و تحلیل رفتارباد پیرامون بناو پراکنش آلاینده ها پرداخته شده است. روش گردآوری اطلاعات ازطریق مطالعات کتابخانه ای و برداشت میدانی صورت گرفته است.یافته ها: نتایج با توجه به مدلسازی انجام شده برای دونوع چیدمان متفاوت بلوک شهری انتخاب شده (مجتمع مسکونی سبحان قیطریه تهران) با فرم ساختمانی یکسان، یکی وضع کنونی و دیگری مدل پیشنهادی با چیدمان منظم، نشان می دهد که تغییر چیدمان بلوک های مسکونی بر جریان هوای طبیعی و سرعت باد بین بلوک ها اثرگذار بوده و مکان یابی نادرست و غیراصولی ساختمان های بلند باعث تغییر الگوی طبیعی وزش باد و درنتیجه موجب بروز اثرات ثانویه ناشی از رکود یا تشدید جریان باد شده ولذا بر پراکنش ذرات معلق آلاینده موثر است.بحث و نتیجه گیری: دراین پژوهش نتایج حاصل از دومدل چیدمان ساختمان ها در نرم افزار و خروجی های مربوط به شدت وزش باد و میزان ماندآلاینده CO، نشان می دهدکه مدل وضع موجود نسبت به مدل چیدمان پیشنهادی بلوک ها، باتوجه به سرعت باد بالاتر و یکنواخت درکل سایت و نیز ایجاد گردش مناسب جریان هوا در بین بلوک ها که باعث پراکنش آلودگی و مانع ماند ذرات معلق آلاینده می شود، مناسبتر است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Increasing population and construction of tall buildings have multiplied the presence of environmental pollutants in cities. On the other hand, people use open urban environments more than before to meet their living needs. In this regard, various factors such as the layout of buildings and the presence of continuous wind currents can play a significant role in the distribution of pollutant particles. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of the layout of high-rise residential buildings on the distribution of pollutant particles by recognizing the air flow in Tehran.Method: In this research, using descriptive-analytical and comparative methods, using simulation technique using ENVI-met software, wind behavior around the distribution of pollutants has been investigated and analyzed. The method of data collection has been done through library studies and field survey.Findings: According to the modeling of the two different types of layout of selected urban block (Sobhan residential complex in Gheytariyeh district, Tehran)with similar building form–one as the existing situation and the other as the proposed model with orderly layout, the findings demonstrate that the layout alternation of residential blocks affects the natural airflow and wind speed between blocks and an improper and non-methodical locating of high-rise buildings causes a change in natural wind pattern and consequently, leads to secondary effects resulted from intensification or stagnation of wind and thus, influences the dispersion of pollutant particles.Discussion and Conclusion: In this research, the obtained results from the two models of buildings layout in the software and the output related to the intensity of wind and the retention level of CO show that the existing situation model is more desirable compared to the proposed layout due to more unified and higher wind speed throughout the site and also proper air circulation between blocks which causes the dispersion of pollution and prevents the retention of pollutant particles.
منابع و مأخذ:
Gaednia, B., Mirbakhsh, M., Haghshenas, A. (2009). Methods of Laboratory Analysis of Water, Soil, Air. Translation, Author: P.K. Kutpa, The Green Wave publisher.
Giasadin, M. (2006). Air pollution sources, effects and control, Tehran University Pub.
Fenger J. Urban air quality. Atmospheric Environment. 1999; 33:4877-900.
Eskridge RE, Rao ST. (1986) Turbulent Diffusion Behind Vehicles: Experimentally Determined Turbulence Mixing Parameters. Atmospheric Environment. 20:851-60.
Tiwary A, Robins A, Namdeo A, Bell M. (2011) Air Flow and Concentration Fields at Urban Road Intersections for Improved Understanding of Personal Exposure. Environment International. 37:1005-18.
Salizzoni P, Soulhac L, Mejean P, Perkins RJ. (2008) Influence of a Two Scaleroughness on a Neutral Turbulent boundary Layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 127(1):97-110.
Shamsipour, A., Najibzadeh, F. & Hosseinpour, Z. (2013) Simulation of Tehran Air Pollution Dispersion Model in Windy Air. Geography Enviroment Hazards . 2015 , No.4, 19-36. (In Persian)
Ramponi, R., Blocken,B., B. de Coo, L., D. Janssen,W., (2015) CFD Simulation of Outdoor Ventilation of Generic Urban Configurations with Different Urban Densities and Equal and Unequal Street Widths. Building & Environment :1-27.
Ahuja, A. & Dalui, S. (2006) Gupta V, Unpleasent Pedestrian Wind Conditions Around Building, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing), 7, 147- 154.
Tominaga, Y.; Mochida, A. & Yoshie, R. (2008) AIJ Guidelines for Practical Applications of CFD to Pedestrian Wind Environment Around Buildings, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96, 1750-1761.
Yang, A.; Wen, C.; Wu, Y.; Juan, Y.; Su, Y. (2013) Wind Field Analysis for a High-rise Residential Building Layout in Danhai, Taiwan. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, London, 843-848.
Kim, H.; Kim, T. & Leigh, S. (2013) Assessment of Pedestrian Wind Environment of High-rise Complex Using CFD Simulation, Sustainable Procurement in Urban. Regeneration and Renovation Northern Europe and North-West Russia, 1-8.
Peng Wang, H.M. (2011) Random-walk Model Simulation of Air Pollutant Dispersion in Atmospheric Boundary Layer in China. Environ Monit Assess. 172: 507–515.
Nielinger, J. Rainer, R. Höfl, H.C. Kost,W. (2005) Lagrange VERSUS Eulerian Dispertion Modeling Comparsion For Investigation Concerning Air Pollution Caused By Traffic. 9th Int. Conf. on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes.
Luhar, A.K. Hurley, P.J. (2003) Evaluation of TAPM, a Prognostic Meteorological and Air Pollution Model, Using Urban and Rural Point-source Data. Atmospheric Environment 37. 2795–2810.
Hurley, P. (2007). Modelling Mean and Turbulence Fields in the Dry Convective Boundary Layer with the Wddy-Diffusivity/Mass-flux Approach. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 125:525–536.
Zawar-reza, p. Appelhans, T. Gharaylou, M. Shamsipur, A. (2010). Meso Scale Control on Particulate Matter Pollution for Mega City in a Semi-arid Mountainous Environment. Environment and Pollution, 41.
Zawar-Reza, P. Simon, K. Jamie, P. (2005). Evaluation of a Year-long Dispersion Modelling of PM10 Using the Meso-scale Model TAPM for Christchurch. New Zealand. Science of the Total Environment 249– 259.
Soares, P.M.M. Miranda, P.M.A. Teixeira, J. (2007). An Eddy Diffusivity/Mass-flux Boundary Layer Parameterization Based on the TKE Equation: a Dry Convection Case Study. Física de la Tierra, 19:147-161.
Soares, P.M.M. Miranda, PM.A. Siebesma, A.P. Teixeira, J. (2004). An Eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux Parameterisation for Dry and Shallow Cumulus Convection. Quart J Ray Meteorol Soc 130:3365–3383.
Gasami T., Aliakbari Bidokhti, A.A., Sedaghatkerdar A, Sahraiean F. (2007). Study of Synoptic Conditions at Several Critical Period the Air Pollution in Tehran. Environmental Science and Technology, 9 (3) , (Serial34), 229-238. (In Persian)
Shareipoor, Z. (2009). Assessing Changes Seasonal and Daily Air Pollutants and Its Relationship with Weather Parameters. Journal of Physics Earth and Space 2,119. (In Persian)
Ghanbari, H.A, Azizi, Gh. (2009) Numerical Simulation of Air Pollution in Tehran Based on Wind Patterns. Journal of Physical Geography Research, 68, 15-32. (In Persian)
F., Abaspour, M., Karbsi, A.R. (2007). Modeling of Emissions Suspended Particles Using ADMS-urban Model. Environmental Science and Technology. The Ninth course, The first issue, 1-15. (In Persian)
Karra, S., Malki-Esphtein, L. & Neophyton, M. (2011). The Dispersion of Traffic Related Pollutants Across a non Hemogeneous Street Canyon, Environmental Sciences, 4, 25-34.
Bemquerer, F., Rasia, C. & Leitekruger, E. (2010). A Method for Simulating NOx Dispersion in an Urban Area Using ENVI-met, ACM. New York, USA, ISBN: 978-1-4503-0069-8.
Rahnamaei MT. Topics and Methods of Urban Planning.3th ed. Center for Architecture and Urban Studies, Tehran; Chap Goster Publication: 1990. (In Persian)
Brown GZ, DeKay M. (2010) Sun, Wind & Light: Architectural Design Strategies. Translated by Saeid Aghaei, 2th ed. Tehran: Parham Publication. (In Persian)
Roshani, M., Abassian, M. & Naderi, M. (2018) Tehran Air Quality. Tehran, Shahr Publication. (In Persian)
Hosseini,SH., Salehi,A. & Shokry,E. (2016) A Study on Impact of Vegetation and Green Roof on Increasing the Wind Speed and Pollutants Dispersion in the Urban Canyons Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Model. Iran. J.Health & Environ., 2016,Vol.9, No.3, 397-410. (In Persian)
Bruse M, 2014, envi-met.de.
_||_
Gaednia, B., Mirbakhsh, M., Haghshenas, A. (2009). Methods of Laboratory Analysis of Water, Soil, Air. Translation, Author: P.K. Kutpa, The Green Wave publisher.
Giasadin, M. (2006). Air pollution sources, effects and control, Tehran University Pub.
Fenger J. Urban air quality. Atmospheric Environment. 1999; 33:4877-900.
Eskridge RE, Rao ST. (1986) Turbulent Diffusion Behind Vehicles: Experimentally Determined Turbulence Mixing Parameters. Atmospheric Environment. 20:851-60.
Tiwary A, Robins A, Namdeo A, Bell M. (2011) Air Flow and Concentration Fields at Urban Road Intersections for Improved Understanding of Personal Exposure. Environment International. 37:1005-18.
Salizzoni P, Soulhac L, Mejean P, Perkins RJ. (2008) Influence of a Two Scaleroughness on a Neutral Turbulent boundary Layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 127(1):97-110.
Shamsipour, A., Najibzadeh, F. & Hosseinpour, Z. (2013) Simulation of Tehran Air Pollution Dispersion Model in Windy Air. Geography Enviroment Hazards . 2015 , No.4, 19-36. (In Persian)
Ramponi, R., Blocken,B., B. de Coo, L., D. Janssen,W., (2015) CFD Simulation of Outdoor Ventilation of Generic Urban Configurations with Different Urban Densities and Equal and Unequal Street Widths. Building & Environment :1-27.
Ahuja, A. & Dalui, S. (2006) Gupta V, Unpleasent Pedestrian Wind Conditions Around Building, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing), 7, 147- 154.
Tominaga, Y.; Mochida, A. & Yoshie, R. (2008) AIJ Guidelines for Practical Applications of CFD to Pedestrian Wind Environment Around Buildings, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96, 1750-1761.
Yang, A.; Wen, C.; Wu, Y.; Juan, Y.; Su, Y. (2013) Wind Field Analysis for a High-rise Residential Building Layout in Danhai, Taiwan. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, London, 843-848.
Kim, H.; Kim, T. & Leigh, S. (2013) Assessment of Pedestrian Wind Environment of High-rise Complex Using CFD Simulation, Sustainable Procurement in Urban. Regeneration and Renovation Northern Europe and North-West Russia, 1-8.
Peng Wang, H.M. (2011) Random-walk Model Simulation of Air Pollutant Dispersion in Atmospheric Boundary Layer in China. Environ Monit Assess. 172: 507–515.
Nielinger, J. Rainer, R. Höfl, H.C. Kost,W. (2005) Lagrange VERSUS Eulerian Dispertion Modeling Comparsion For Investigation Concerning Air Pollution Caused By Traffic. 9th Int. Conf. on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes.
Luhar, A.K. Hurley, P.J. (2003) Evaluation of TAPM, a Prognostic Meteorological and Air Pollution Model, Using Urban and Rural Point-source Data. Atmospheric Environment 37. 2795–2810.
Hurley, P. (2007). Modelling Mean and Turbulence Fields in the Dry Convective Boundary Layer with the Wddy-Diffusivity/Mass-flux Approach. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 125:525–536.
Zawar-reza, p. Appelhans, T. Gharaylou, M. Shamsipur, A. (2010). Meso Scale Control on Particulate Matter Pollution for Mega City in a Semi-arid Mountainous Environment. Environment and Pollution, 41.
Zawar-Reza, P. Simon, K. Jamie, P. (2005). Evaluation of a Year-long Dispersion Modelling of PM10 Using the Meso-scale Model TAPM for Christchurch. New Zealand. Science of the Total Environment 249– 259.
Soares, P.M.M. Miranda, P.M.A. Teixeira, J. (2007). An Eddy Diffusivity/Mass-flux Boundary Layer Parameterization Based on the TKE Equation: a Dry Convection Case Study. Física de la Tierra, 19:147-161.
Soares, P.M.M. Miranda, PM.A. Siebesma, A.P. Teixeira, J. (2004). An Eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux Parameterisation for Dry and Shallow Cumulus Convection. Quart J Ray Meteorol Soc 130:3365–3383.
Gasami T., Aliakbari Bidokhti, A.A., Sedaghatkerdar A, Sahraiean F. (2007). Study of Synoptic Conditions at Several Critical Period the Air Pollution in Tehran. Environmental Science and Technology, 9 (3) , (Serial34), 229-238. (In Persian)
Shareipoor, Z. (2009). Assessing Changes Seasonal and Daily Air Pollutants and Its Relationship with Weather Parameters. Journal of Physics Earth and Space 2,119. (In Persian)
Ghanbari, H.A, Azizi, Gh. (2009) Numerical Simulation of Air Pollution in Tehran Based on Wind Patterns. Journal of Physical Geography Research, 68, 15-32. (In Persian)
F., Abaspour, M., Karbsi, A.R. (2007). Modeling of Emissions Suspended Particles Using ADMS-urban Model. Environmental Science and Technology. The Ninth course, The first issue, 1-15. (In Persian)
Karra, S., Malki-Esphtein, L. & Neophyton, M. (2011). The Dispersion of Traffic Related Pollutants Across a non Hemogeneous Street Canyon, Environmental Sciences, 4, 25-34.
Bemquerer, F., Rasia, C. & Leitekruger, E. (2010). A Method for Simulating NOx Dispersion in an Urban Area Using ENVI-met, ACM. New York, USA, ISBN: 978-1-4503-0069-8.
Rahnamaei MT. Topics and Methods of Urban Planning.3th ed. Center for Architecture and Urban Studies, Tehran; Chap Goster Publication: 1990. (In Persian)
Brown GZ, DeKay M. (2010) Sun, Wind & Light: Architectural Design Strategies. Translated by Saeid Aghaei, 2th ed. Tehran: Parham Publication. (In Persian)
Roshani, M., Abassian, M. & Naderi, M. (2018) Tehran Air Quality. Tehran, Shahr Publication. (In Persian)
Hosseini,SH., Salehi,A. & Shokry,E. (2016) A Study on Impact of Vegetation and Green Roof on Increasing the Wind Speed and Pollutants Dispersion in the Urban Canyons Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Model. Iran. J.Health & Environ., 2016,Vol.9, No.3, 397-410. (In Persian)
Bruse M, 2014, envi-met.de.
