مقایسه‌ی روش‌های ارزشگذاری مشروط و هزینه سفر در برآورد ارزش تفرجی کارکردهای تفریحی، گردشگری و زیبائی‌شناختی پارک ملی بمو
محورهای موضوعی :
اقتصاد محیط زیست
حمید امیرنژاد
1
(دانشیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران (* مسؤول مکاتبات).)
کمال عطایی سلوط
2
(استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، پژوهشکده فناوری‌های زیستی گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.)
اردوان زرندیان
3
(استادیار پژوهشکده محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، تهران، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1392/08/01
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/06/15
تاریخ انتشار : 1399/09/01
کلید واژه:
ارزش تفرجی,
پارک ملی بمو,
روش ارزشگذاری مشروط,
گزینش دوگانه دوبعدی,
روش هزینه سفر,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: ارزشگذاری اقتصادی کارکردها و خدمات غیر بازاری محیط زیست به دلایل زیادی از جمله شناخت و فهم منافع محیط زیستی و اکولوژیکی توسط انسان‌ها، ارایه مسایل محیطی کشور به تصمیم گیرندگان و برنامه‌ریزان، فراهم آوردن ارتباط میان سیاست های اقتصادی و درآمدهای طبیعی، سنجش نقش و اهمیت منابع محیط زیستی در حمایت از رفاه انسانی و توسعه پایدار مهم است.
روش بررسی: در این مطالعه، ارزش کارکردهای تفریحی، گردشگری و زیبایی‌شناختی پارک ملی بمو واقع در استان فارس ایران از دو روش ارزشگذاری مشروط و هزینه سفر با تکمیل کردن 315 عدد پرسش‌نامه به صورت میدانی از میان بازدیدکنندگان این پارک جهت استخراج داده‌های مورد نیاز برآورد شده است.
یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج برآوردهای صورت‌گرفته، متغیرهای بومی بودن، فاصله تا پارک، بازدید برای اولین بار، تعداد دفعات بازدید، اخلاق‌گرایی، سطح تحصیلات، هزینه سفر، درآمد بازدیدکنندگان، وجود موزه و نیز وجود گونه‌های جانوری شامل آهو، گرگ، قوچ وحشی و دال سیاه از متغیرهای تأثیرگذار بر تمایل به پرداخت (WTP) بازدیدکنندگان از پارک ملی بمو در سال 1390 بوده است. نتایج بیان‌گر آن است که WTP انتظاری ماهانه بازدیدکنندگان پیامدگرا و اخلاق‌گرا برای بازدید از پارک ملی بمو، به ترتیب 51397 و 61028 ریال برآورد شده است. در نهایت، ارزش تفرجی این پارک، به روش ارزشگذاری مشروط و هزینه سفر به ترتیب معادل 085/1 و 975/1 میلیارد ریال در سال 1390 برآورد شده است.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به این که روش هزینه سفر از اطلاعات قیمت بازار و تمایل به پرداخت آشکارشده، بهره می‌برد و نیز 7/90 % از بازدیدکنندگان پارک بومی منطقه بوده‌اند و تابع هزینه سفر به لحاظ نظری اقتصادسنجی ایده‌آل بوده، استفاده از روش هزینه سفر به جای روش ارزشگذاری مشروط در ارزشگذاری پارک ملی بمو در سال 1390 ترجیح داده شده است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Valuation of functions and Non-Market services of environment are important for many reasons such as identifying and understanding the environmental and ecological benefits by humans, presentation of environmental issues to decision makers and planners, providing link between economic policies and natural revenues and assess the role and importance of environmental resources in support of human welfare and sustainable development.
Methods: In this study, recreational value of Bamou Park is estimated and measured with using two methods of contingent value and travel cost. For this purpose, 315 questionnaires from visitor to extract the required data have been matched.
Findings: Based on estimated results, variables: inhabitance, distance from park, first visit, number of visit, Deontologist, education, travel cost, visitors income, museum existence, and existence of Animal species such as deer, wolf, wild ram and cinereous vulture is effective variable on willingness to pay of visitor in 2011. Results show that monthly expected willingness to pay of consequentialist and deontologist visitors is 51397 and 61028 Rial respectively. Finally, recreational value of Bamou Park estimated in 2 methods is 1.085 and 1.975 Billion Rial respectively in 2011.
Discussion and Conclusion: Since that travel cost method used market price information and revealed willingness to pay and also 90.7 percentages of visitors are Zone inhabitance and travel cost function was ideal form econometrics theoretical aspect, preferred using travel cost method instead of contingent value method to valuating the Bamou National Park in 2011.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Ashim, G.B., (2000). Green national accounting: Why and How? Environment and Development Economics, 5: 25-48.
Guo, Z., Xiao, X., Gan, Y. and Zheng, Y., (2001). Ecosystem functions, services and their values a case study in Xingshan country of china. Ecological Economics, 38: 141-154.
Abdollahie, A., (2009). Ecotourism compatible with environmental protection and sustainability of natural resources. 6th conference of Agricultural economics of Iran. Ferdosie University of Mashhad, Iran [In Persian].
Brouwer, R., (2010). Payments for Ecosystem Services: Making Money Talk: IVM, Vrije University Amsterdam.
Turner, R., Morse-Jones, S. and Fisher, B., (2010). Ecosystem valuation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1185 (1): 79-101.
Hashemi, A., (2011). Detecting Outdoor Recreation Value of Tourism using by Contingent Valuation Method. American Journal of Scientific Research, 13: 41-46.
Yamazaki, S., Rust, S., Jennings, S., Jeremy, L. and Sven. F., (2011). A Contingent Valuation of Recreational Fishing in Tasmania. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania.
Nillesen, E., Wesseler, J. and Averil. C., (2005). Estimating the recreational-use value for hiking in Bellenden Ker national park, Australia. Journal of Environmental Management, 36: 311-316.
Jabarin, A.S. and Damhoureyeh, S.A., (2006). Estimating the recreational benefits of Dibeen National Park in Jordan using contingent valuation and travel cost methods. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 2198-2206.
Rafiq, M. and Shafiqullah, M. and Malik, A., (2007). Demand analysis of recreation visits to Chitral valley: A natural resource management perspective. The Pakistan Development Review, 46 (4): 971-984.
Rolfe, J. and Prabha, P., (2007). Estimating values for recreational fishing at freshwater dams in Queensland. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 51: 157-174.
Fleming, Ch.M. and Averil, C., (2008). The recreational value of Lake McKenzie, Fraser Island: An application of the travel cost method. Tourism Management, 29: 1197-1205.
Gurluk, S. and Erkan. R., (2008). A Travel Cost Study to Estimate recreational value for a bird refuge at Lake Manyas, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Management, 88: 1350-1360.
Sabuhie, M. and Ataie Solout, K., (2014). The Application of One and One-Half Bound (OOHB) Choices in the Contingent Valuation to Determine Tourists Consumer Surplus of Sisangan Forest Park. Environmental Studies, 40 (2): 439-450 [In Persian].
Nikouei, A. and Zibaie, M., (2012). Recreation and environmental value of Zayanderud river flow in Esfahan City: A double bounded discrete choice approach. Agricultural Economics, 6 (2): 121-151 [In Persian].
Haytie, B.A., Salehniya, M., Hoseinzad Firouzi, J. and Dashti, Gh., (2011). Estimation of recreational value of Fadak park by individual cost method in Khoy Township. 8th conference of Agricultural Economics of Iran, Shiraz, Iran [In Persian].
Amirnejad, H. and Ajhdarie, S., (2011). Comparing the Application of Logit, Probit and Tobit method in Economic Valuation of Environmental Resources: The Case Study of Behesht-e-Gomshode in Fars Province. Agricultural Economics, 5 (3): 95-119 [In Persian].
Amirnejad, H. and Ataie Solout, K., (2011). Economic valuation of environmental resources. Avay Masi Pub., Iran, 432p.
Amirnejad, H., Khalilian, S. and Assareh, M., (2006). Estimating the existence value of north forests of Iran by using a contingent valuation method. Ecological Economics. 58: 665-675.
Bocksteal, N.E. and McConnell, K.E., (2007). Environmental and Natural Resource Valuation with Revealed Preferences (A Theoretical Guide to Empirical Models). Springer, Hardcover, 374 p.
Hanemann, M., (1984). Welfare Evaluation in Contingent Valuation Experiments with Discrete Responses. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 66: 332-341.
Haab Timothy, C. and McConnell, K.E., (2002). Valuing environmental and natural resources: the econometrics of non-market valuation. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Anonymous, (2011). Environmental Administration of Fars province, National park department, Iran [In Persian].
Salamie, H.A. and Rafiei, H., (2011). Estimation of Preservation Value of Anzali International Wetland Based on Deontological Point view. Natural Environment (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 64 (2): 89-100 [In Persian].
