تحلیلی بر نابرابریهای فضایی با تأکید بر شاخصهای کیفیت مسکن (نمونه موردی: مناطق شهری اردبیل)
محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازیعطا غفاری گیلانده 1 , حسین نظم فر 2 , علیرضا محمدی 3 , پروین ده ده زاده سیلابی 4
1 - دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
2 - دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
3 - استادیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
4 - پژوهشگر دکتری جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: کیفیت مسکن, شهر اردبیل, آمار فضایی, نابرابری فضایی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: مسکن به عنوان یکی از پدیده های واقعی از نخستین مسائلی است که بشر همواره با آن دستبهگریبان بوده و همواره در تلاش برای دگرگونی و یافتن پاسخی مناسب، معقول و اندیشیده برای آن است. در حال حاضر مسئلهای که راجع به مسکن در سطح جهانی از آن صحبت می شود مسئله کمبود واحد های مسکونی است و درعینحال آنچه به کیفیت واحد های مسکونی بازمیگردد تقریباً در بسیاری از نقاط دنیا رعایت نمی شود. این در حالی است که برای برنامه ریزی و برنامه ریزی مسکن هر شهر، پیدا کردن پاسخ سنجش فضایی کیفیت مسکن از ملزومات اساسی به شمار می آید. بنابراین هدف از پژوهش حاضر سنجش نابرابری های فضایی شاخصهای کیفیت مسکن در سطح شهر اردبیل به منظور انجام برنامه ریزی بهتر برای بخش مسکن این شهر می باشد. روش بررسی: تحقیق حاضر ازنظر هدف از نوع کـاربردی و ازنظر ماهیـت و روش تحقیـق مورداستفاده از نــوع روش های توصیفی - تحلیلی است. اطلاعات موردنیاز از داده های بلوک های آماری سال 1390 شهر اردبیل استخراجشدهاند. جامعه آماری پژوهش بلوک های آماری شهر اردبیل در سال 1390 است. برای بررسی وضعیت نابرابری شاخصهای کیفیت مسکن و شناخت الگوی فضایی گسترش این نابرابری از مدل های آمار فضایی، تحلیل لکه های داغ (Hot Spot Analysis) و خود همبستگی فضایی (Morans I)، در نرمافزار Arc/GISاستفادهشده است. یافته ها: بر اساس بررسی های انجامگرفته، بلوک های شهر اردبیل به لحاظ شاخصهای کیفیت مسکن در وضـعیت نـا برابر قـرار دارند بهگونهای که، محلات و مناطق واقع در بخش های شمالی و شمال غربی به لحاظ برخورداری از شاخصهای کیفیت مسکن در وضعیت نا مطلوبی می باشند و محلات مرکزی و جنوبی شهر از این نظر از وضعیت بهتری برخوردار می باشند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: الگوی توزیع نا برابری شاخصهای کیفیت مسکن در شهر اردبیل به صورت خوشه ای بوده و همچنین بین کیفیت مسکن و طبقات اجتماعی در شهر اردبیل رابطه معنا داری وجود دارد. درنتیجه میبایست برنامه ریزی های شهر به ویژه برنامه ریزی های مسکن برای شهر اردبیل در بخش های شمالی و شمال غربی (بافت روستا-شهری) بیشتر موردتوجه و مدنظر قرار گیرند.
Background and Objective: Housing is one of real phenomenon and primary subjects that human always face with and he/she is trying to it’s transition and finding proper , rational response for it. Currently , presented subject about housing at world level relate to deficiency and shortage of housing and resident units and also discussions about resident and housing units quality don’t regard in some places approximately. It is regarded for housing and resident planning in every city and finding housing quality space measurement response is one of basic requirements. So , the aim and purpose of current research is measuring housing indices space inequalities at Ardebil city in order to implementation correct and better planning for housing part. Method: Current research is applied according to aim& purpose and it is analytical- descriptive based on nature and used methodology. Requirement data were extracted from Ardebil city statistical data blocks at 1390. Research statistical society in Ardebil city at 1390 include statistical blocks. To investigation of inequality position of housing quality indices and recognition of space pattern , inequality development ; we have been used spatial statistical models , Hot Spot analysis, Morans I spatial auto- correlation in Arc/GIS software. Findings: According to implemented studies , Ardebil city blocks are located in inequality position based on housing quality indices and also districts , regions and sectors which they are located on Northwest and Western parts ; have improper situation about housing quality indices , but central and southern sectors of this city have proper position in mentioned subject.. Discussion and Conclusion: Housing quality indices with inequality distribution pattern in Ardebil city study by clustering method and also there is significant relationship between housing quality and social classes in this city. It is necessary to regard urban planning , housing plans in Ardebil city and Northern , Northwest ( Urban –Rural tissue) parts and they need more pay attention.
- Shankar, R. and A. Shah. (2010). Bridging the Economic Divide within Countries - a Scorecard on the Performance of Regional Policies in Reducing Regional Income Disparities. World Development, 1410-1432.
- Dupont, Vincent (2007).“Do Geographical Agglomeration, Growth and Equity Conflict?” Regional Science, Vol. 86, No. 2(June).
- Dufaux, F. (2008). Birth Announcement,. www.JSSJ.org.
- Johnson, E.A. (1970),Th Organization of Space In Developing Country, Harvard,university press
- Meshkini, A., Elyaszadeh, SN., Zabetian, E. (2013). Evaluating the location of Mehr Housing Projects with a Physical-Environmental Approach Using the AHP Model (Case Study: Yazd Province), Urban Studies Quarterly, Vol 2,Pp: 57-70. (In Persian)
- Bonyaddasht, A., (2012). Investigation of the physical effects of housing loans on rural areas development Case study: Behmi County, MSc., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)
- Sajdi Gheydari, H., Sadeghlou, T., Mahmoudi, H., (2014). Evaluation and Analysis of the Quality of Housing in Rural Areas, Case Study: Kenwist Village of Mashhad, Journal of Rural Planning and Research, 4(1). (In Persian)
- Khalubagheri, M., (2013), Confronting spatial inequality while using planning based on improving the quality of life: Tehran 13th District, Quarterly Journal of Management and Economics, Vol 1, Pp: 49-67. (In Persian)
- Ardebil Governor's Office (2012), Statistics of Cities, Sample Province: Study of Ardebil City and its Developments. (In Persian)
- Florida, R. L. (2004), Cities and the creative class, London: Rutledge.
- Yousefi, A., Vershoy, S., (2011). Social Inequality in the City of Mashhad, Estimation of Inequalities in Income and Education in the Area of the City, Iranian Journal of Social Studies, 4(4), Pp: 152-183. (In Persian)
- Chen, W, Sun, J. (2006). “Sociological Perspectives on Urban China: Form Familiar Territories to Complex Terrains”, China Information, 20(3): 519 -551.
- Nikpour, A., Malekshahi, Gh, Rezghi, F. (2017). Spatial Analysis and Analysis of Social Inequalities in Urban Areas with a Dense City Approach Case Study: Babol City, Urban Studies Quarterly, 4(16), Pp: 27-38. (In Persian)
- Lobao, L. M., Hooks, G., & Tickamyer, A. R., (2007). The sociology of spatial inequality. New York:State University of New York Press.
- Harvey, D. (2009). Social Justice and the City (Rev. ed.). Athens & London: The University of Georgia Press.
- Lotfi, S., Kheyrkhah, Z., Kouchekzadeh, M., (2016), Analyzing and Prioritizing the Quality of Housing in Sample Urban Samples: Neka Towns, Geography Quarterly and Urban Planning of Zagros Landscape, 7(25), Pp: 51-71. (In Persian)
- Lawrence, R. J. (1995) Housing quality: an agenda for research. Urban Studies, 32(10),
1655-1664. - Usuzi, A., (1997). Housing Quality Assessment Model, Case Study of the Exterior of Istanbul, Translation by Khorshid Dost, A., Mohammadzadeh, R. Quarterly journal of geographic research, Vol (43). Pp: 119-134. (In Persian)
- Filali, R. (2012). Housing conditions in Tunisia: the quantity-quality mismatch. Journal of
Housing and the Built Environment, 27(3), 317-347. - Evans, G. W., Wells, N. M., Chan, H. Y. E., & Saltzman, H. (2000). Housing quality and
mental health. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 68(3), 526 - Herrin, W. E., Amaral, M. M., & Balihuta, A. M. (2013) the relationships between housing
quality and occupant health in Uganda. Social Science & Medicine, 81, 115-122. - Adjei, P. O. W., & Kyei, P. O. (2013). Linkages between income, housing quality and disease occurrence in rural Ghana. Journal of housing and the built environment, 28(1), 35- 49.
- Habib, R. R., Yassin, N., Ghanawi, J., Haddad, P., & Mahfoud, Z. (2011) Double jeopardy:
assessing the association between internal displacement, housing quality and chronic illness
in a low-income neighborhood. Journal of Public Health, 19(2), 171-182. - Sajjadi, Zh., Kanuni, R., Khavarian, AR., Firuzi, E., (2017), Measuring the development of Ardebil province cities in terms of housing quality indicators, Regional Planning Quarterly, 6(23), Pp: 31-44: (In Persian)
- Hakimi, H., Zadvali, F., Zadvali, SH., (2017), Study of the relationship between the quality of housing and the psychological capital in informal settlements, Case study: Yousefabad neighborhood of Tabriz, Geography and Urban Planning Research, 4(1), Pp: 117-130, (In Persian)
- Ziari, KA., Mansurian, H., Sattari, MH. (2016). Spatial distribution of housing quality indices in Tehran: exploratory analysis of spatial data, Spatial Planning Scientific Journal 5(2), Pp: 75-92. , (In Persian)
- Ebrahimzadeh, I., Ghadermarzi, J., (2016), An Analysis on the Quality of Housing in Urban Sites A Way to Improve the Quality of Life of Citizens, A Case Study of Dehgolan Townships, Geography and Development, 13(40), Pp: 139-156, (In Persian)
- Emmanuel, J.B (2012), The Quality of Housing Produced by the Low Income in a Developing Country: A case study in Ibadan, Nigeria, Asian ournal Of Environment-Behavour Studies, Volume 4, Number 11, January/February, 2013 :1-14
- Maliene, V. Natalie, D., Begum, S. Naglis, M (2012), Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Sustainable Communities in the North West of England, Challenges 2012, 3, 133-152; doi:10.3390/challe3020133.
- Asgari, A. (2012). ArcGIS Space Statistics Analysis, Tehran Municipality's Information and Communication Technology Organization, First Edition. , (In Persian)
_||_
- Shankar, R. and A. Shah. (2010). Bridging the Economic Divide within Countries - a Scorecard on the Performance of Regional Policies in Reducing Regional Income Disparities. World Development, 1410-1432.
- Dupont, Vincent (2007).“Do Geographical Agglomeration, Growth and Equity Conflict?” Regional Science, Vol. 86, No. 2(June).
- Dufaux, F. (2008). Birth Announcement,. www.JSSJ.org.
- Johnson, E.A. (1970),Th Organization of Space In Developing Country, Harvard,university press
- Meshkini, A., Elyaszadeh, SN., Zabetian, E. (2013). Evaluating the location of Mehr Housing Projects with a Physical-Environmental Approach Using the AHP Model (Case Study: Yazd Province), Urban Studies Quarterly, Vol 2,Pp: 57-70. (In Persian)
- Bonyaddasht, A., (2012). Investigation of the physical effects of housing loans on rural areas development Case study: Behmi County, MSc., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)
- Sajdi Gheydari, H., Sadeghlou, T., Mahmoudi, H., (2014). Evaluation and Analysis of the Quality of Housing in Rural Areas, Case Study: Kenwist Village of Mashhad, Journal of Rural Planning and Research, 4(1). (In Persian)
- Khalubagheri, M., (2013), Confronting spatial inequality while using planning based on improving the quality of life: Tehran 13th District, Quarterly Journal of Management and Economics, Vol 1, Pp: 49-67. (In Persian)
- Ardebil Governor's Office (2012), Statistics of Cities, Sample Province: Study of Ardebil City and its Developments. (In Persian)
- Florida, R. L. (2004), Cities and the creative class, London: Rutledge.
- Yousefi, A., Vershoy, S., (2011). Social Inequality in the City of Mashhad, Estimation of Inequalities in Income and Education in the Area of the City, Iranian Journal of Social Studies, 4(4), Pp: 152-183. (In Persian)
- Chen, W, Sun, J. (2006). “Sociological Perspectives on Urban China: Form Familiar Territories to Complex Terrains”, China Information, 20(3): 519 -551.
- Nikpour, A., Malekshahi, Gh, Rezghi, F. (2017). Spatial Analysis and Analysis of Social Inequalities in Urban Areas with a Dense City Approach Case Study: Babol City, Urban Studies Quarterly, 4(16), Pp: 27-38. (In Persian)
- Lobao, L. M., Hooks, G., & Tickamyer, A. R., (2007). The sociology of spatial inequality. New York:State University of New York Press.
- Harvey, D. (2009). Social Justice and the City (Rev. ed.). Athens & London: The University of Georgia Press.
- Lotfi, S., Kheyrkhah, Z., Kouchekzadeh, M., (2016), Analyzing and Prioritizing the Quality of Housing in Sample Urban Samples: Neka Towns, Geography Quarterly and Urban Planning of Zagros Landscape, 7(25), Pp: 51-71. (In Persian)
- Lawrence, R. J. (1995) Housing quality: an agenda for research. Urban Studies, 32(10),
1655-1664. - Usuzi, A., (1997). Housing Quality Assessment Model, Case Study of the Exterior of Istanbul, Translation by Khorshid Dost, A., Mohammadzadeh, R. Quarterly journal of geographic research, Vol (43). Pp: 119-134. (In Persian)
- Filali, R. (2012). Housing conditions in Tunisia: the quantity-quality mismatch. Journal of
Housing and the Built Environment, 27(3), 317-347. - Evans, G. W., Wells, N. M., Chan, H. Y. E., & Saltzman, H. (2000). Housing quality and
mental health. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 68(3), 526 - Herrin, W. E., Amaral, M. M., & Balihuta, A. M. (2013) the relationships between housing
quality and occupant health in Uganda. Social Science & Medicine, 81, 115-122. - Adjei, P. O. W., & Kyei, P. O. (2013). Linkages between income, housing quality and disease occurrence in rural Ghana. Journal of housing and the built environment, 28(1), 35- 49.
- Habib, R. R., Yassin, N., Ghanawi, J., Haddad, P., & Mahfoud, Z. (2011) Double jeopardy:
assessing the association between internal displacement, housing quality and chronic illness
in a low-income neighborhood. Journal of Public Health, 19(2), 171-182. - Sajjadi, Zh., Kanuni, R., Khavarian, AR., Firuzi, E., (2017), Measuring the development of Ardebil province cities in terms of housing quality indicators, Regional Planning Quarterly, 6(23), Pp: 31-44: (In Persian)
- Hakimi, H., Zadvali, F., Zadvali, SH., (2017), Study of the relationship between the quality of housing and the psychological capital in informal settlements, Case study: Yousefabad neighborhood of Tabriz, Geography and Urban Planning Research, 4(1), Pp: 117-130, (In Persian)
- Ziari, KA., Mansurian, H., Sattari, MH. (2016). Spatial distribution of housing quality indices in Tehran: exploratory analysis of spatial data, Spatial Planning Scientific Journal 5(2), Pp: 75-92. , (In Persian)
- Ebrahimzadeh, I., Ghadermarzi, J., (2016), An Analysis on the Quality of Housing in Urban Sites A Way to Improve the Quality of Life of Citizens, A Case Study of Dehgolan Townships, Geography and Development, 13(40), Pp: 139-156, (In Persian)
- Emmanuel, J.B (2012), The Quality of Housing Produced by the Low Income in a Developing Country: A case study in Ibadan, Nigeria, Asian ournal Of Environment-Behavour Studies, Volume 4, Number 11, January/February, 2013 :1-14
- Maliene, V. Natalie, D., Begum, S. Naglis, M (2012), Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Sustainable Communities in the North West of England, Challenges 2012, 3, 133-152; doi:10.3390/challe3020133.
- Asgari, A. (2012). ArcGIS Space Statistics Analysis, Tehran Municipality's Information and Communication Technology Organization, First Edition. , (In Persian)