بررسی اثر طرح ساماندهی خروج دام و جنگل‌نشینان بر تجدید حیات در جنگل-های فومن، استان گیلان
محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعیمحمد نقی عادل 1 , علی نقی صدیقی چافجیری 2
1 - دکتری علوم جنگل، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دکتری علوم جنگل، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران
کلید واژه: جنگل نشین, خروج دام, تجدید حیات طبیعی, جنگل‌های فومن,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: چرای جانوران سم دار رایج ترین بهره وری از زمین در سراسر جهان است و یکی از مهم ترین اختلالات اثر گذار بر ترکیب گونه هاست که با نابودی زیستگاه همراه است. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثر اجرای طرح سامان دهی خروج دام و جنگل نشینان بر تجدید حیات در جنگل های فومن در استان گیلان بود. روش بررسی: بدین منظور، 200 قطعه نمونه (100 قطعه نمونه در منطقه تحت چرا و 100 قطعه نمونه در منطقه بدون چرا) به روش تصادفی سیستماتیک با ابعاد 100 * 100 متر و به کمک قطعات نمونه دایره ای شکل 100 متر مربعی اندازه گیری شد. در هر قطعه نمونه، تراکم زادآوری و کیفیت و سلامت آن بررسی شد. با استفاده از تکمیل پرسشنامه توسط 100 دامدار، وضعیت جنگل نشینان نیز ارزیابی شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین دو منطقه از نظر زادآوری اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت، به طوری که تراکم زادآوری در منطقه ساماندهی شده بیشتر از منطقه ساماندهی نشده بود. کیفیت زادآوری نیز در منطقه ساماندهی شده بهتر بود. این طرح نتوانست نیازهای جنگل نشینان را به طور مناسبی فراهم کند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: این نتایج نشان می دهد که ساماندهی خروج دام اثرات مثبتی در جنگل های فومن دارد و مدیران منابع طبیعی می توانند این طرح را در سایر جنگل های شمال ایران نیز با حفظ حقوق جنگل نشینان اجرا و مدیریت کنند.
Background and Objective: Ungulate grazing is the most common land use in the world and one of the most impacting disturbances on species composition together with habitat destruction. The aim of this study was to study effect of livestock and forest dwellers exclusion on regeneration in Fouman forest in Guilan province. Method: For this purpose, 200 plots (100 plots in the grazed and 100 plots in the non-grazed area) were sampled by a randomized-systematic method with 100 m2 circular plots in the 100×200 meters grid. In each sample plot, regeneration density and quality condition were recorded. Using questionnaires completed by 100 farmers, forest dwellers status was also assessed. Findings: The results showed that there were significant differences between the two areas in terms of natural regeneration, so that regeneration density was more in the non-grazed region than grazed region. Regeneration quality was better in the non- grazed region than grazed region. The plan failed to properly provide the needs of forest dwellers. Discussion and Conclusion: These results indicate that livestock exclusion have positive effects on Fouman forests and natural resource managers can execute and manage this plan in other Iranian north forests with protect the rights of forest dwellers.
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- Kazemi, A.N., 2002. Evaluation of livestock exit organizing plan from forest and aggregation of forest settlers in watershed 24 in Guilan province. MSc. Thesis, natural resources faculty, Guilan University, 50p. (In Persian)
- Tohidi, M., 2012. Evaluation of livestock exit plan from Kazem-Roud forest, Mazandaran province. MSc. Thesis, Azad University of Chalous, 82p. (In Persian)
- Vahabi, S.A., 2009. Quantitative and qualitative study of regeneration in free areas from livestock in Safaroud forestry plan, MSc. Thesis, Azad University of Chalous, 51p. (In Persian)
- Ashouri, N., 2004. Effect of livestock exit plan on natural regeneration in Chafroud forest, Guilan province. MSc. Thesis. Natural resources faculty, Guilan University, 117p. (In Persian)
- Nezami, M.T. and Moghadam, M.H., 2001. Guilan forests. Iranian researchers group press. 200 p. (In Persian)
- Ramírez, J.A., Díaz, M., 2008. The role of temporal shrub encroachment for the maintenance of Spanish holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas. Forest Ecology and Management 255, 1976–1983.
- Uytvanck, J.V. and Hoffmann, M., 2009. Impact of grazing management with large herbivores on forest ground flora and bramble understory. Acta Oecologica 35: 523–532.
- Sullivan, T.P., Sullivan, D.S., Lindgren, P.M.F., 2012. Influence of repeated fertilization and cattle grazing on forest ecosystems: Abundance and diversity of forest-floor small mammals. Forest Ecology and Management 277, 180–195.
- Javanmiri pour, M., Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., Etemad, V., Zobeiri, M., 2012. Effect of grazing on natural regeneration of tree and herb species of Kheyroud forest in northern Iran. Journal of Forestry Research 23 (2): 299-304.
- Haidari, M., Etemad, M., Khosropour, E., 2013. Study of tree regeneration in the grazed and non-grazed areas in the Iran-o- Turanian Ecological Zones. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) 1(1): 18-24.
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- Al-Rowaily, S.L., El-Bana, M.I., Al-Dujain, F.A.R., 2012. Changes in vegetation composition and diversity in relation to morphometry, soil and grazing on a hyper-arid watershed in the central Saudi Arabia. Catena 97: 41-49.
- George, M.R., Larsen, R.E., Mcdougald, N.K., Tate, K.W., Gerlach Jr., J.D., Fulgham, K.O., 2002. Influence of grazing on channel morphology of intermittent streams. Journal of Range Management 55, 551–557.
- Zhao, W.Y., Li, J.L., Qi, J.G., 2007. Changes in vegetation diversity and structure in response to heavy grazing pressure in the northern Tianshan Mountains, China. Journal of Arid Environments 68, 465–479.
- Jiao, F., Wen, Z., An, S., 2011. Changes in soil properties across a chronosequence of vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China. Catena 86, 110–116.
- Allsopp, N., Gaika, L., Knight, R., Monakisi, C., Hoffman, M.T., 2007. The impact of heavy grazing on an ephemeral river system in the succulent karoo. South Africa Journal of Arid Environments 71, 82–96.
- Arévalo, J.R., de Nascimento, L., Fernández-Lugo, S., Mata, J., Bermejo, L., 2011. Grazing effects on species composition in different vegetation types (La Palma, Canary Islands). Acta Oecologica 37: 230-238.
- Khadem, N., 2001. Study of socioeconomic status of ranchers in livestock exit organizing plan, Isfahan University, 183p. (In Persian)
- Naghavi Jourshary, F., 2006. Investigation of livestock exit plant from district 14 of Fouman forest. MSc. Thesis, Azad University of Chalous, 115p (In Persian)
- Mortazavi, S.A., Nakhaei, N. and Navazi, M.A., 2006. Investigation of livestock exit plant from forest and effect of plan implementation in livestock production. Gorgan journal of agriculture and natural resources, 80p. (In Persian)
- Amirnezhad, H., 2011. Study of socioeconomic factors effect on tendency to livestock exit from Mazandaran forests (Case study: Sari forest), Rangeland 5(2): 229-239. (In Persian)
- Azimi, N. and Amiri Lamar, M., 2008. Investigation of effects of livestock exit plant from forest on forest settlers in Guilan forest (Case study: Rezvanshahr forest), Geographic research, 63: 157-171. (In Persian)
- Galian Moghadam, KH. and Sharifinia, F., 2010. Socioeconomic analysis of livestock exit plan in Janat-Roudbar forest of Ramsar. 2nd conference of geography, Tehran University, Iran. (In Persian)
- Kazemi, A.N., 2002. Evaluation of livestock exit organizing plan from forest and aggregation of forest settlers in watershed 24 in Guilan province. MSc. Thesis, natural resources faculty, Guilan University, 50p. (In Persian)
- Tohidi, M., 2012. Evaluation of livestock exit plan from Kazem-Roud forest, Mazandaran province. MSc. Thesis, Azad University of Chalous, 82p. (In Persian)
- Vahabi, S.A., 2009. Quantitative and qualitative study of regeneration in free areas from livestock in Safaroud forestry plan, MSc. Thesis, Azad University of Chalous, 51p. (In Persian)
- Ashouri, N., 2004. Effect of livestock exit plan on natural regeneration in Chafroud forest, Guilan province. MSc. Thesis. Natural resources faculty, Guilan University, 117p. (In Persian)
- Nezami, M.T. and Moghadam, M.H., 2001. Guilan forests. Iranian researchers group press. 200 p. (In Persian)
- Ramírez, J.A., Díaz, M., 2008. The role of temporal shrub encroachment for the maintenance of Spanish holm oak Quercus ilex dehesas. Forest Ecology and Management 255, 1976–1983.
- Uytvanck, J.V. and Hoffmann, M., 2009. Impact of grazing management with large herbivores on forest ground flora and bramble understory. Acta Oecologica 35: 523–532.
- Sullivan, T.P., Sullivan, D.S., Lindgren, P.M.F., 2012. Influence of repeated fertilization and cattle grazing on forest ecosystems: Abundance and diversity of forest-floor small mammals. Forest Ecology and Management 277, 180–195.
- Javanmiri pour, M., Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., Etemad, V., Zobeiri, M., 2012. Effect of grazing on natural regeneration of tree and herb species of Kheyroud forest in northern Iran. Journal of Forestry Research 23 (2): 299-304.
- Haidari, M., Etemad, M., Khosropour, E., 2013. Study of tree regeneration in the grazed and non-grazed areas in the Iran-o- Turanian Ecological Zones. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) 1(1): 18-24.