ارائه مدل بهینه سازی ساختمان جهت مقابله با اثرات منفی تغییرات اقلیمی در جهت کاهش مصرف انرژی
محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازیاردا زارعی 1 , سینا فرد مرادی نیا 2
1 - گروه مهندسي عمران، واﺣﺪ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ، ایران.
2 - اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر، گروه مهندسي عمران، واحد تبريز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، تبریز، ايران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: بهینه سازی ساختمان, تغییرات اقلیمی, انرژی ساختمان, نرم افزار جی ای پلاس, بارگرمایی و سرمایی.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه کلان شهر ها نقش بسیار مهمی در آلایندگی محیط زیست دارند، افزایش روزافزون جمعيـت بـا افـزایش مصـرف سوخت هاي فسيلي و منابع انرژي همراه است که این موضوع باعث افزایش انتشارات گازهاي گلخانه اي در اتمسفر ميشود. اثـرات افـزایش گازهاي گلخانه اي با بروز پدیده گلخانه اي سبب تغييـرات اقليمـي مي شود. با توجه به اتلاف زياد انرژي در ساختمان هـاي مسکونی موجـود، هدف این تحقیق انتخاب راهكار مناسب براي بهینه سازی ساختمان و كاهش مصـرف انرژی در اين بخش است. روش بررسی: در این تحقيق، در تاریخ 1/10/1398 ابتدا مقدار انرژی مصرفی سالانه یک تیپ ساختمان مسکونی 8 طبقه در تبریز با استفاده از نرم افزار انرژی پلاس شبیه سازی شد. سپس مقدار انرژی مصرفی سالانه ساختمان یاد شده با شرایط آب و هوای دو اقلیم متفاوت یزد و رشت نیز شبیه سازی شد تا میزان مصرف انرژی ساختمان در هر 3 شهر مقایسه شود. سپس با کمک نرم افزار شبیه سازی JePlus، انرژی مصرفی حالت های مختلف ساختمان (جهت گیری، موقعیت، دما، اقلیم)، درهر 3 شهر شبیه سازی شد تا رفتار ساختمان از لحاظ مصرف انرژی بررسی شود. در نهایت مقدار انرژی مصرفی گرمایشی و سرمایشی ساختمان به عنوان توابع هدف انتخاب شده و توسط نرم افزار JePlus + EA بهینه سازی انجام گرفت. يافته ها: با توجه به متغیرهای تعریف شده در ورودی نرم افزار JePlus، 432 حالت مصرف انرژی برای ساختمان به¬دست آمد. و با توجه به انتخاب انرژی مصرفی گرمایشی و سرمایشی ساختمان به عنوان توابع هدف، توسط نرم افزار JePlus + EA بهینه سازی انجام گرفت. نتایج بهینه سازی نشان داد با توجه به پارامترهای یکسان در نظر گرفته شده برای هر سه اقلیم، مصرف انرژی ساختمان در شهر رشت 16 درصد، یزد 14 درصد و تبریز 12 درصد کاهش یافته است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بررسی نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد اگر ساختمان¬ در جهت و موقعیت صحیح با توجه به نوع اقلیم و وضعیت آب و هوا (جهت تابش خورشید، دما، رطوبت و...) احداث شود و دمای گرمایش و سرمایش داخل ساختمان در حد آسایش تنظیم گردد، مصرف انرژی ساختمان نیز درحد قابل ملاحظه ای کاهش می¬یابد؛ در نتیجه از سهم هر ساختمان در میزان انتشار گاز دی اکسید کربن در اتمسفر که اثرگذارترین گاز در تغییرات اقلیمی است، کاسته می شود.
Background and Objective: Today, metropolises play a very important role in environmental pollution, increasing population is associated with increasing consumption of fossil fuels and energy resources, which increases greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The effects of increasing greenhouse gases with the occurrence of greenhouse phenomena cause climate change. Due to the high energy loss in residential buildings, The purpose of this study is to select an appropriate solution to optimize the building and reduce energy consumption in this sector. Material and Methodology: In this research, first, the annual energy consumption of a type of 8-storey residential building in Tabriz was simulated using Energy Plus software. Then, the annual energy consumption of the building was simulated with the weather conditions of two different climates of Yazd and Rasht to compare the energy consumption of the building in all 3 cities. Then, with JePlus simulation software, the energy consumption of different building modes (orientation, position, temperature, climate) was simulated in all 3 cities to study the behavior of the building in terms of energy consumption. Finally, the amount of heating and cooling energy consumption of the building was selected as the target functions and optimized by JePlus + EA software. Findings: According to the variables defined in the input of JePlus software, 432 energy consumption modes were obtained for the building. And according to the selection of heating and cooling energy consumption of the building as target functions, optimization was done by JePlus + EA software. The optimization results showed that according to the same parameters considered for all three climates, building energy consumption in Rasht has decreased by 16%, Yazd by 14% and Tabriz by 12%. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that if the building is built in the right direction and position according to the type of climate and weather conditions (for sunlight, temperature, humidity, etc.) and the heating and cooling temperature inside the building is set to comfort, The energy consumption of the building is also significantly reduced As a result, the share of each building in the amount of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which is the most effective gas in climate change, is reduced.
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