تبیین و بررسی مقررات گذاری زیست محیطی در پرتو حقوق عمومی واجتماعی
محورهای موضوعی :
حقوق محیط زیست
شیرین شیرازیان
1
,
سبحان طیبی
2
,
هدیه سادات میرترابی
3
1 - استادیار، گروه حقوق محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
2 - دکتری حقوق محیط زیست، مدرس دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دکتری حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران، مدرس دانشگاه، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/10/23
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/03/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1399/01/01
کلید واژه:
تعهدات شهروندی,
حقوق عمومی,
مقررات گذاری,
حقوق محیط زیست,
دیپلماسی عمومی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقررات گذاری زیست محیطی یکی از مهم ترین زیرمجموعه های مقررات گذاری اجتماعی است. مقررات گذاری چارچوبی برای اجرایی شدن قواعد مصوب در جامعه است و این چارچوب بر اساس استانداردهای حقوقی تضمین می شوند. بنابراین به عنوان مثال اگر قانون گذار تخلیه پسماند در آبراههای عمومی را ممنوع ساخته و برای نقض آن مجازات تعیین کند، این ممنوعیت میتواند به عنوان بیان پایبندی عمومی جامعه به حفظ محیط زیست و محکومیت عمومی رفتارهای آلوده ساز تفسیر گردد. از سوی دیگر میتوان گفت تخریب محیط زیست از نظر اخلاقی نادرست است و بنابراین ممنوعیت حقوقی این رفتارها میتواند به عنوان بیان این ادعای اخلاقی تفسیر شود. این پژوهش بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه ای و روش توصیفی تحلیلی بوده و رویکرد نو اندیشانه دارد.هدف از انجام این پژوهش، تبیین نقش حقوق به عنوان تسهیل کنندهی ساختار اجرایی مقررات گذاری زیست محیطی در شرایط مناسب هم گام با تعامل اجتماعی است. همچنین تبیین اهمیت مقررات گذاری و قاعده سازی نیز مد نظر قرار دارد.مقررات گذاری از جمله استاندارد های مهم اجتماعی و ضمانت اجرای قوی برای تعهدات قانونی در جامعه محسوب می گردد. این استاندارد بنیادین در حوزه حقوق عمومی قوام یافته و به نظر می رسد رهیافتی مهم برای حفاظت از محیط زیست و پایبندی شهروندان به تعهدات زیست محیطی است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Environmental regulation is one of the most important subset of social regulation. The regulatory is a framework for the implementation of the rules adopted the community and guaranteed to be the framework on the basis of legal standards. For example, a community may decide that one of its collective goals is to sustain the quality of its waterways. It might achieve this by promulgating a binding legal rule prohibiting any person from dumping waste exceeding a specified quantity into its public waterways, and imposing a financial penalty on any person who violates this rule. However, the same collective goal might also be achieved by imposing a system of tradeable permits that allows certain amounts of wastes to be dumped into public waterways upon payment of a specified sum.This research is based on library studies and descriptive analytical method and a new approach is sighted.Purpose of this study, is to explain the role of environmental regulation as a facilitator of the administrative structure in good condition along with social interaction. Also, is considered explaining the importance of regulation and rule-making.Regulation is including important social standards and strong enforcement of legal obligations in the community. The fundamental standards, is consistency in the field of public law and seems important approach is environmental Protection and Citizens adherence to environmental obligations.
منابع و مأخذ:
Hadi Far, Davood, 2010, Legal Regulatory Enactments: Structure and Mechanism of Action, Tehran, Oct. 13, p. 32
Joskow, Paul L. and Roger G. Noll. 1981. "Regulation in Theory and Practice: AnOverview,"in Studies in Public Regulation. Gary Fromm, ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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Martin Minogue, Governance-Based Analysis of Regulation,2001, Centre on Regulation and Competition, Working Paper Series, Paper No. 3, pp. 2-3.
Fiorino,J,D.2006. The New Environmental Regulation, The MIT Press, p189
Brand U, Görg C, Hirsch J ,Wissen M,2008. Conflicts in Environmental Regulation and the Internationalisation of the State, Routledge,p16.
Malmiri Markaz, Ahmad,2010, The Impact of the Quantity and Regulatory Quality on the Business Environment, Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, No. 12313, March, p. 17. (In Persian)
Faryadi, Masoud, 2010, Legal mechanisms for assessing the effects of regulation in Iran's legal system, p. 11. (In Persian)
Bronwen B , Yeung K,2007. An Introduction to Law and Regulation Text and Materials, Cambridge University Press,p36.
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Hadi Far, Davood, 2010, Legal Regulatory Enactments: Structure and Mechanism of Action, Tehran, Oct. 13, p. 32
Joskow, Paul L. and Roger G. Noll. 1981. "Regulation in Theory and Practice: AnOverview,"in Studies in Public Regulation. Gary Fromm, ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Jacint Jordans & David Levi-Faur,2007, The politics of Regulation in the Age of Governance, in Jacint Jordans & David Levi-Faur (eds.), The Politics of Regulation, Edward Elgar, 2004, p. 8., Tony Prosser, Regulation, Markets and Legitimacy, in Jeffrey Jowell & Dawn Oliver (eds.), The Changing Constitution, Oxford University Press, Sixth Edition, p. 339.
A Ogus,1994, Regulation: Legal Form and Economic Theory, Oxford, Clarendon Press, p33
Shams, Erfan, 2011, Economic Regulation, Principles, History and Methods, Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, No. 12, p. 1. (In Persian)
Shams, Erfan,2011, Structure, Competency, and Accountability of Regulatory Institutions (Iran-UK), Shahid Beheshti University, p. 10. (In Persian)
Hadavand, Mahdi ,2008, An Introduction to Economic Regulation, Majles and Research, Fourteenth, No. 56, p. 55. (In Persian)
Kasemets, Aare,2001, Impact Assesment Of Legislation For Parliament and Civil Society: A Comparitive study, p 49
Holmes, Sue,2001, The Best Practice on Regulatory Impact Assesment in OECD Countries: Some Options For RIA, ECPRD Seminar, p 36
Monville, Quenchy,2011, The Effective Improvement of Parliamentary Procedural Procedures, Hassan Vakilian (Compilation and Translation), Speeches in Law and Legislation, Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, p. 280. (In Persian)
Tayebi, Sobhan,2016 Environmental Diplomacy in the Light of International Interactions and Global Peace, Ph.D., Environmental Law Department, Tehran University of Science and Research, p. 234. (In Persian)
Martin Minogue, Governance-Based Analysis of Regulation,2001, Centre on Regulation and Competition, Working Paper Series, Paper No. 3, pp. 2-3.
Fiorino,J,D.2006. The New Environmental Regulation, The MIT Press, p189
Brand U, Görg C, Hirsch J ,Wissen M,2008. Conflicts in Environmental Regulation and the Internationalisation of the State, Routledge,p16.
Malmiri Markaz, Ahmad,2010, The Impact of the Quantity and Regulatory Quality on the Business Environment, Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, No. 12313, March, p. 17. (In Persian)
Faryadi, Masoud, 2010, Legal mechanisms for assessing the effects of regulation in Iran's legal system, p. 11. (In Persian)
Bronwen B , Yeung K,2007. An Introduction to Law and Regulation Text and Materials, Cambridge University Press,p36.