پهنهبندی خطر سیلاب شهری با استفاده از روش تصمیمگیری چند متغیره (مطالعه موردی: شهرک امام علی، شهر مشهد)
محورهای موضوعی : تحلیل ریسک زیست محیطیمحمد رستمی خلج 1 , دانا حسامی 2 , حسین سلمانی 3 , تیمور تیموریان 4
1 - استادیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران*(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشگاه تهران، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، کرج، ایران
3 - دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه گرگان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران
4 - دانشجوی دکتری آبخیزداری، دانشگاه تهران، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، کرج، ایران
کلید واژه: سیلاب شهری, شهرک امام علی (ع) شهر مشهد, نقشه پتانسیل خطر, تصمیمگیری چند متغیره,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: سالانه در نقاط مختلف جهان، جان و مال بسیاری از مردم در اثر وقوع سیل به مخاطره می افتد. تغییرات کاربری اراضی، افزایش شهرنشینی، ساخت و سازهای غیر اصولی، سیستم فاضلاب قدیمی و توسعه اراضی غیر قابل نفوذ در مناطق شهری اثرات مهمی دروقوع این خطر دارند، لذا به منظور مدیریت مناطق شهری، انجام اقدامات امدادی و اولویت بندی مناطق جهت رفع مشکل سیلاب، باید مناطقی که بیش تر دچار مشکل می شوند مشخص شوند. روش بررسی: چندین معیار روی سیلاب شهری موثرند و در ایجاد سیلاب شهری نقش دارند که در تحلیل آسیب پذیری مناطق شهری دربرابر سیلاب باید در نظر گرفته شوند. یکی از روش هایی که با دقت کافی و با استفاده از اطلاعات موجود می توان پتانسیل مناطق تحت خطر را مشخص کرد استفاده از روش تصمیم گیری چند متغیره (MCDA) است که در این مطالعه برای تعیین پتانسیل خطر سیلاب در شهرک امام علی (ع) شهر مشهد استفاده شد. برای این منظور از شش لایه اطلاعاتی شامل لایه فاصله از کانال، شیب، کاربری اراضی، تراکم زهکشی، شیب کانال اصلی و ارتفاع استفاده گردید. پس از تشکیل ماتریس مقایسه زوجی برای لایه های ذکر شده، وزن لایه ها با استفاده از دانش متخصصان و کارشناسان منطقه تعیین گردید و در نهایت نقشه مناطق مستعد خطر سیلاب تهیه گردید. یافته ها: نقشه پتانسیل خطر بدست آمده نشان داد که 2/8 درصد از منطقه که در نزدیکی خروجی حوضه و در اطراف کانال اصلی قرار دارند، دارای پتانسیل خطر بیش تری هستند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج و بررسی های میدانی نشان داد روش تصمیم گیری چند متغیره روشی دقیق و مناسب برای پهنه بندی خطر سیلاب شهری می باشد و با استفاده از این روش می توان مناطقی که دارای خطر آبگرفتگی بیش تری هستند مشخص کرد.
Background and Objective: Inundation in urban areas due to dens storm has created many problems for all cities thorough the world. Urban flood hazard zoning may provide useful information for dealing with contingency and alleviating risk and loss of life and property.Therefore, in order to manage urban areas, take relief measures and prioritize areas to solve the problem of floods, the areas that are most affected should be identified. Method: Vulnerability of urban areas often includes multicriteria that are associated with flooding. One of the methods that are sufficiently accurate and available which can identify flood hazard zoning, is using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) that in this study was used to determine the potential of flood risk in urban area. Six variables include: distance to the main channel, slopes, land use, drainage density, slope of the main channel and elevation was used. After determining paired comparison matrix, layers weight was determined by using the knowledge of experts and experts in the region and finally the map of urban flood hazard were identified. Findings: Hazard Potential Map showed that 8.2% of the areas near to the outlet and located around the main channel are at highest hazard potential. Discussion and Conclusion: The results and field investigation showed multicriteria decision analysis is accurate and appropriate method for urban flood hazard zoning and using this method can identify areas with a greater flooding risk.
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- The effects of expansion of Mashhad metropolis on the natural drainage patterns and increase of urban floods, 2007. Journal of Geographical Studies, 39(61), pp. 145-159. (In Persian)
- Chan, F.T.S., Chan, M.H. and Tang, N.K.H., 2000. Evaluation methodologies for technology selection. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 107(1), pp.330-337.
- Asgharpoor, M. J., 2015. Multiple criteria decision making, University of Tehran press. 14th Edition. 400 p. (In Persian)
- Prakash, T.N., 2003. Land suitability analysis for agricultural crops: a fuzzy multicriteria decision making approach. MS Theses international institute for geo-information science and earth observation enschede, the netherland.
- Rashed, T. and Weeks, J., 2003. Assessing vulnerability to earthquake hazards through spatial multicriteria analysis of urban areas. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 17(6), pp.547-576.
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- Fernandez, D.S. and Lutz, M.A., 2010. Urban flood hazard zoning in Tucumán Province, Argentina, using GIS and multicriteria decision analysis. Engineering Geology, 111(1), pp.90-98.
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- Farhudi, R.; Zanganeh Shahraki; S., Saed Moucheshi, R., 2009. The Situation of Spatial Distribution of Population in Iranian Urban (1956-2006). Human Geography Research, 42(68), pp 68-85.(In Persian)
- Radmehr, A., 2011. Optimal Management of Urban Surface Runoff Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method, MsC thesis, University of Tehran.
- Macleod, C.J., Scholefield, D. and Haygarth, P.M., 2007. Integration for sustainable catchment management. Science of the Total Environment, 373(2), pp.591-602.
- Büchele, B., Kreibich, H., Kron, A., Thieken, A., Ihringer, J., Oberle, P., Merz, B. and Nestmann, F., 2006. Flood-risk mapping: contributions towards an enhanced assessment of extreme events and associated risks. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 6(4), pp.485-503.
- The effects of expansion of Mashhad metropolis on the natural drainage patterns and increase of urban floods, 2007. Journal of Geographical Studies, 39(61), pp. 145-159. (In Persian)
- Chan, F.T.S., Chan, M.H. and Tang, N.K.H., 2000. Evaluation methodologies for technology selection. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 107(1), pp.330-337.
- Asgharpoor, M. J., 2015. Multiple criteria decision making, University of Tehran press. 14th Edition. 400 p. (In Persian)
- Prakash, T.N., 2003. Land suitability analysis for agricultural crops: a fuzzy multicriteria decision making approach. MS Theses international institute for geo-information science and earth observation enschede, the netherland.
- Rashed, T. and Weeks, J., 2003. Assessing vulnerability to earthquake hazards through spatial multicriteria analysis of urban areas. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 17(6), pp.547-576.
- Gamper, C.D., Thöni, M. and Weck-Hannemann, H., 2006. A conceptual approach to the use of Cost Benefit and Multi Criteria Analysis in natural hazard management. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 6(2), pp.293-302.
- Dai, F.C., Lee, C.F. and Zhang, X.H., 2001. GIS-based geo-environmental evaluation for urban land-use planning: a case study. Engineering geology, 61(4), pp.257-271.
- Kolat, C., Doyuran, V., Ayday, C. and Süzen, M.L., 2006. Preparation of a geotechnical microzonation model using geographical information systems based on multicriteria decision analysis. Engineering geology, 87(3), pp.241-255.
- Zeng, H., Talkkari, A., Peltola, H. and Kellomäki, S., 2007. A GIS-based decision support system for risk assessment of wind damage in forest management. Environmental Modelling & Software, 22(9), pp.1240-1249.
- Ghodsipoor, H., 2013. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Amirkabir University Press. 1th Edition. 224 p. (In Persian)
- Ho, W., 2008. Integrated analytic hierarchy process and its applications–A literature review. European Journal of operational research, 186(1), pp.211-228.
- Mohammadi, J., Zangene, M., Abdoli, A., 2010. Assessing Life Quality Indices from the View points of Mashhad Citizens, Urban Management Studies, 2(3), 22 p. (In Persian)
- Adiat, K.A.N., Nawawi, M.N.M. and Abdullah, K., 2012. Assessing the accuracy of GIS-based elementary multi criteria decision analysis as a spatial prediction tool–A case of predicting potential zones of sustainable groundwater resources. Journal of Hydrology, 440, pp.75-89.
- Mahdavi, M., 2006. Applide hydrology. University of Tehran press. 4th Edition. 248 p. (In Persian)
- Thomas, S., 1980. The analytic hierarchy process: planning, priority setting, resource allocation. Pittsburgh PA: University of Pittsburgh.
- Kayastha, P., Dhital, M.R. and De Smedt, F., 2013. Application of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for landslide susceptibility mapping: a case study from the Tinau watershed, west Nepal. Computers & Geosciences, 52, pp.398-408.
- Fernandez, D.S. and Lutz, M.A., 2010. Urban flood hazard zoning in Tucumán Province, Argentina, using GIS and multicriteria decision analysis. Engineering Geology, 111(1), pp.90-98.
- Behniyafar, A., Ghanbarzadeh, H., Mansouri Daneshvar, M. R., 2009. Landslide Hazard and Slope Instabilities zoning with AHP and Probability Methods in Binaloud Zone (Case Study: Kang River Watershed, North Binaloud Slopes), Geographic Space, 9(27), 15 p. (In Persian)
- Zare, M., Ahmadi, H., Gholami, S., 2011. Landslide hazard assessment use of multi criteria decision making and geographic information system (GIS) (Case study: Vaz watershed), Natural ecosystem of Iran, 1(2), 12p. (In Persian)
- Ercanoglu, M. and Gokceoglu, C., 2004. Use of fuzzy relations to produce landslide susceptibility map of a landslide prone area (West Black Sea Region, Turkey). Engineering Geology, 75(3), pp.229-250.
- Laskar, A., 2003. Integrating GIS and Multi criteria decision making techniques for Land Resource Planning. International Institute for Aerospace survey and Earth Sciences, Enschede, NL.