استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه‌ی حیات برای مقایسه آثار محیط زیستی بام سبز و بام معمولی
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت ، برنامه ریزی و آموزش محیط زیست
الما محمدی
1
,
سید حامد میرکریمی
2
,
مرجان محمدزاده
3
1 - فارغ‌التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
2 - دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
3 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان(مسوول مکاتبات)
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/01/29
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/03/14
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/07/01
کلید واژه:
آثار محیط زیستی,
ارزیابی چرخه‌ی حیات,
نرم‌افزار openLCA,
بام سبز گسترده,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: بام سبز از جمله گزینه های بهبود مشکلات محیط زیست شهری است. اما برخی نگرانی ها پیرامون آثار محیط زیستی ایجاد بام های سبز وجود دارد، زیرا برخلاف فواید محیط زیستی بی شمار پوشش گیاهی آن ها، لایه هایی چون عایق رطوبتی در بام های سبز اکثراً از مواد پلیمری ساخته می شود. در این تحقیق آثار محیط زیستی یک بام سبز گسترده در طی حیاتش با یک بام معمولی مقایسه گردید.
روش بررسی: در این مطالعه از روش ارزیابی چرخه ی حیات استفاده شد. با توجه به تعدد روش های ساخت بام سبز ابتدا روش های متفاوت ایجاد و مواد مختلف مورد استفاده در لایه های آن بررسی و گردآوری شد. سپس آثار محیط زیستی چند روش ساخت با یک دیگر مقایسه و گزینه ی بهینه ساخت انتخاب شد، و در مرحله ی بعد ارزیابی چرخه ی حیات گزینه ی بهینه با بام معمولی انجام گرفت. مقایسه ی آثار محیط زیستی بین روش های مختلف ساخت و هم چنین گزینه ی بهینه با بام معمولی به وسیله ی نرم افزار openLCA انجام شد.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بام سبز در طول حیات خود به نسبت بام معمولی آثار محیط زیستی منفی کم تری دارد. هم چنین مشخص شد که بیش تر بودن آثار منفی محیط زیستی بام سبز نسبت به بام معمولی در برخی طبقات اثر به دلیل استفاده از عایق پی وی سی و ورق ژئوتکستایل (فایبرگلاس و پلی استر) در لایه های آن بوده است.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج این تحقیق را می توان با اندازه گیری فواید ایجاد بام سبز (برای مثال کاهش کمی و کیفی میزان رواناب) و نیز استفاده از مواد جایگزین با آثار منفی محیط زیستی کم تر در لایه های آن بهبود داد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Introduction: Green roof is one of the options to improve environmental problems of urban areas. Meanwhile there are some worries about the environmental impacts of creating green roofs, as despite the benefits of vegetation, some layers of green roofs like waterproof membrane, are made from polymers. In this survey, environmental impacts of an extensive green roof in its lifetime were compared with a normal roof.
Materials and Method: In this survey, life cycle assessment method was used. Since there are various methods to implement a green roof, first different methods of implementation and different materials that can be used in its layers were studied and collected. Then some of these methods were chosen to investigate their environmental impacts in order to find the optimized option to create a green roof. On the next step, life cycle assessment of optimized option and normal roof was conducted. The open LCA software was used to compare environmental impacts of different implementing methods, and also optimized option and normal roof.
Results and Discussion: Results showed that the green roof has less environmental impacts than normal roof, during its lifetime. In addition, it was indicated that in some impact categories that the environmental impacts of green roof was more than normal roof the reason was using PVC and geotextile (glass fiber and polyester) in its layers. Results of this paper can be improved by measuring benefits of creating a green roof (such as reducing quantity and quality of run off amounts), and also using materials with less environmental impacts in green roofs layers.
منابع و مأخذ:
1. Saiz, S., Kennedy, C., Bass, B., and Pressnail, K., 2006. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Standard and Green Roofs. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(13): 4312-4316.
Bianchini, F., and Hewage, K., 2012. How “green” are the green roofs? Lifecycle analysis of green roof materials. Building and Environment, 48: 57-65.
Kosareo, L, and Ries, R., 2007. Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of green roofs. Building and Environment, 42(7): 2606-2613.
Mahmoodi Zarandi, M., Pakari, N., and Bazahang, A. 2011. Green roof executive system. Architectural Thinking, 7(26): 7-13. (in persian)
Bianchini, F., 2012. Influence of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste on Green Roof Performance. A thesis for the degree of Master of Applied Science. The College of Graduate Studies (Civil Engineering). The University of British Columbia.
Abdollahi far, M,. Fatehi far, A, and Vosoogh Mahmoodi, S. 2009. Feasibility of using green roofs in cities, Third Specialized Conference and Exhibition of Environmental Engineering, Tehran. (in persian)
Luckett, K. 2009. Green roof construction and maintenance. McGraw-Hill.
Rasavian, M.T., Ghafoori poor, A., and Rasavian, M. 2010. Green Roofs. Land use planning. 10: 137-160. (in persian)
Flynn, K.M., 2011. Evaluation of Green Infrastructure Practices Using Life Cycle Assessment. A thesis for the degree of Master of Science in Sustainable Engineering.
Iranian Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, 2007, ISO 14040 (Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework), Tehran. (in persian)
Iranian Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, 2007, ISO 14044 (Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework), Tehran. (in persian)
Soltani, A., Rajabi, M.H., Zineli, E., and Soltani, E. 2010. Environmental Impact Assessment of Crop Production Using LCA: Wheat in Gorgan. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 3 (3): 201-218. (in persian)
Bazregar, A. B. 2011. Environmental Assessment of Sugar Beet Production Systems in Khorasan by LCA Method. Doctoral dissertation in Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. (in persian)
Goedkoop, M., Oele, M., Leijting, J., Ponisioen, T., and Meijer, M., 2013. Introduction to LCA with SimaPro. PRé. Pp 80.
Clark, C., Adriaens, P., and Talbot, F., B. 2008. Green roof valuation: a probabilistic economic analysis of environmental benefits. Environmental science & technology, 42(6): 2155-2161.
16. Getter, K.L., Rowe, D.B., Robertson, G.P., Cregg, B.M., and Andresen, J.A., 2009. Carbon Sequestration Potential of Extensive Green Roofs. Environmental Science and Technology, 43(19): 7565-7570.
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1. Saiz, S., Kennedy, C., Bass, B., and Pressnail, K., 2006. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Standard and Green Roofs. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(13): 4312-4316.
Bianchini, F., and Hewage, K., 2012. How “green” are the green roofs? Lifecycle analysis of green roof materials. Building and Environment, 48: 57-65.
Kosareo, L, and Ries, R., 2007. Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of green roofs. Building and Environment, 42(7): 2606-2613.
Mahmoodi Zarandi, M., Pakari, N., and Bazahang, A. 2011. Green roof executive system. Architectural Thinking, 7(26): 7-13. (in persian)
Bianchini, F., 2012. Influence of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste on Green Roof Performance. A thesis for the degree of Master of Applied Science. The College of Graduate Studies (Civil Engineering). The University of British Columbia.
Abdollahi far, M,. Fatehi far, A, and Vosoogh Mahmoodi, S. 2009. Feasibility of using green roofs in cities, Third Specialized Conference and Exhibition of Environmental Engineering, Tehran. (in persian)
Luckett, K. 2009. Green roof construction and maintenance. McGraw-Hill.
Rasavian, M.T., Ghafoori poor, A., and Rasavian, M. 2010. Green Roofs. Land use planning. 10: 137-160. (in persian)
Flynn, K.M., 2011. Evaluation of Green Infrastructure Practices Using Life Cycle Assessment. A thesis for the degree of Master of Science in Sustainable Engineering.
Iranian Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, 2007, ISO 14040 (Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework), Tehran. (in persian)
Iranian Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, 2007, ISO 14044 (Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework), Tehran. (in persian)
Soltani, A., Rajabi, M.H., Zineli, E., and Soltani, E. 2010. Environmental Impact Assessment of Crop Production Using LCA: Wheat in Gorgan. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 3 (3): 201-218. (in persian)
Bazregar, A. B. 2011. Environmental Assessment of Sugar Beet Production Systems in Khorasan by LCA Method. Doctoral dissertation in Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. (in persian)
Goedkoop, M., Oele, M., Leijting, J., Ponisioen, T., and Meijer, M., 2013. Introduction to LCA with SimaPro. PRé. Pp 80.
Clark, C., Adriaens, P., and Talbot, F., B. 2008. Green roof valuation: a probabilistic economic analysis of environmental benefits. Environmental science & technology, 42(6): 2155-2161.
16. Getter, K.L., Rowe, D.B., Robertson, G.P., Cregg, B.M., and Andresen, J.A., 2009. Carbon Sequestration Potential of Extensive Green Roofs. Environmental Science and Technology, 43(19): 7565-7570.
