• صفحه اصلی
  • اندازه گیری خواص بیودیزل تولیدی از روغن هسته خرما و ترکیب آن با سوخت تجاری گازوییل

اشتراک گذاری

آدرس مقاله


کد مقاله : 1799-JEST (R1) بازدید : 103 صفحه: 219 - 229

10.22034/jest.2019.9411.1799

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

اندازه گیری خواص بیودیزل تولیدی از روغن هسته خرما و ترکیب آن با سوخت تجاری گازوییل

محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدید پذیر

ریوف فروتن 1 (کارشناسی ارشد، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بوشهر، ایران.)
حسین اسماعیلی 2 (استادیار گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
ملیحه کوثری فرد 3 (کارشناس آزمایشگاه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/11/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/04/28 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/04/01

کلید واژه: فرآیند ترانس استری شدن, کاتالیست قلیایی, روغن خرما, بیودیزل,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: بیودیزل سوختی است که به طور گسترده برای استفاده به جای سوخت های فسیلی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است زیرا این سوخت تجدید پذیر است و از منابع طبیعی خانگی و پس ماندهای رستوران های محلی تولید می گردد. در سال های اخیر به دلیل افزایش جمعیت جهانی و افزایش تقاضا برای سوخت به منظور تامین انرژی مورد نیاز و از سوی دیگر به دلیل افزایش آلودگی های زیست محیطی و گرم شدن آب و هوای کره زمین و افزایش قیمت جهانی نفت و محدود بودن منابع سوخت های فسیلی باعث شده است که تولید بیودیزل در سراسر جهان به طور گسترده مورد توجه قرار گیرد. روش بررسی: در این بررسی با استفاده از روغن خرمای استخراج شده و متانول در حضور کاتالیست قلیایی پتاسیم متوکسید طی فرآیند ترانس استری شدن بیودیزل تولید گردید و با سوخت تجاری موجود در ایران ترکیب و سوخت های با ترکیب 10، 50 و 100 بیودیزل تولید گردید و خواص آن ها نظیر نقطه ریزش، نقطه ابری شدن، نقطه اشتعال، ویسکوزیته و دانسیته براساس استانداردهای 6751 ASTM D و 7467 ASTM D بررسی گردید. یافته‌ها: با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده دانسیته، ویسکوزیته سینماتیک، نقطه ابری شدن، نقطه ریزش و نقطه اشتعال بیودیزل به ترتیب برابر با Kg/m3 879، mm2/s 7/4، oC 13، oC 15 و oC 176 بدست آمد که نشان داد دانسیته، ویسکوزیته و نقطه اشتعال در محدوده استاندارد قرار دارد ولی با توجه به نقطه ابری شدن و ریزش، سوخت بیودیزل را نمی توان در مناطق سردسیر استفاده کرد. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، بهترین نسبت اضافه کردن بیودیزل تهیه شده از روغن خرما به گازوئیل به منظور کاهش استفاده از سوخت های فسیلی و کاهش آلودگی هوا 10% بیودیزل می باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Use of biodiesel instead of fossil fuel has received extensive attention. This fuel is produced from residuals of local restaurants and natural resources. In recent years, biodiesel production has received extensive attention worldwide due to increase of global populations and demand for fuel to supply energy and, on the other hand, because of increase of environmental pollution and global warming, rise of world oil prices and limited resources of fossil fuels. Method: In this study, biodiesel is produced from extracted palm oil in the presence of alkaline catalyst like potassium methoxide by trans-esterification process. The produced biodiesel was mixed with the commercial fossil fuels existing in Iran to produce fuels with ratios of 10, 50 and 100 of biodiesel.The properties of the produced fuels such as pour point, cloud point, flash point, viscosity and density were studied according to the ASTM D 6751 and ASTM D7467 standards. Findings: According to the results,the values fordensity, viscosity, cinematic, cloud point, pour point and flash point for biodiesel were 176 C, 15 C, 13 C, 4.7 mm2/s and 879 kg/m2, respectively, showing that density, viscosity and flash point fall within the standard limits. However, the values obtained for cloud point and pour point revealed that the biodiesel fuel cannot be used in cold regions. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, the best ratio of adding the biodiesel produced from palm oil to diesel for reducing the fossil fuel consumption and air pollution was 10% biodisel.

منابع و مأخذ:


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_||_

  1. G. Abdulkareem-Alsultan, N. Asikin-Mijan, H.V. Lee, Y.H. Taufiq-Yap, A new route for the synthesis of La-Ca oxide supported on nano activated carbon via vacuum impregnation method for one pot esterification transesterification reaction, Chemical Engineering Journal 304 (2016) 61–71
    2.
  2. Beibei Yan, Ying Zhang, Guanyi Chen, Rui Shan, Wenchao Ma, Changye Liu, the utilization of hydroxyapatite-supported CaO-CeO2 catalyst for biodiesel production, Energy Conversion and Management 130 (2016) 156–164.
    3.
  3. Wenying Shi, Jianxin Li, Benqiao He, Feng Yan, Zhenyu Cui, Kaiwei Wu, Ligang Lin, Xiaomin Qian, Yu Cheng, Biodiesel production from waste chicken fat with low free fatty acids by an integrated catalytic process of composite membrane and sodium methoxide, Bioresource Technology, Volume 139, July 2013, Pages 316-322
    4.
  4. Jabbar Gardy, Ali Hassanpour, Xiaojun Lai, Mukhtar H. Ahmed, Synthesis of Ti(SO4) O solid acid nano-catalyst and its application forbiodiesel production from used cooking oil, Applied Catalysis A: General 527 (2016) 81–95.
    5.
  5. Madhu Agarwal, Garima Chauhan, S.P. Chaurasia, Kailash Singh, Study of catalytic behavior of KOH as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, Volume 43, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 89-94
    6.
  6. Eriola Betiku, Tunde Folorunsho Adepoju, Methanolysis optimization of sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil to biodiesel and fuel quality characterization,International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, February 2013, 4:9
    7.
  7. Anildo Cunha Jr., Vivian Feddern, Marina C. De Prá, Martha M. Higarashi, Paulo G. de Abreu, Arlei Coldebella, Synthesis and characterization of ethylic biodiesel from animal fat wastes, Fuel, Volume 105, March 2013, Pages 228-234
    8.
  8. Dahai Yu, Li Tian, Hao Wu, Song Wang, Ye Wang, Dongxiao Ma, Xuexun Fang, Ultrasonic irradiation with vibration for biodiesel production from soybean oil by Novozym 435, Process Biochemistry, Volume 45, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 519-525
    9.
  9. Yihuai Li, Fengxian Qiu, Dongya Yang, Ping Sun, Xiaohua Li, Transesterification of soybean oil and analysis of bioproduct, Food and Bioproducts Processing, Volume 90, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 135-140
    10.
  10. Wenlei Xie, Dong Yang, Transesterification of soybean oil over WO3 supported on AlPO4 as a solid acid catalyst, Bioresource Technology, Volume 119, September 2012, Pages 60-65
    11.
  11. Kiany S.B. Cavalcante, Maria N.C. Penha, Karlene K.M. Mendonça, Hilton C. Louzeiro, Antonio C.S. Vasconcelos, Adeilton P. Maciel, Antonio G. de Souza, Fernando C. Silva, Optimization of transesterification of castor oil with ethanol using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), Fuel, Volume 89, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 1172-1176
    12.
  12. Murat Kılıç, Başak Burcu Uzun, Ersan Pütün, Ayşe Eren Pütün, Optimization of biodiesel production from castor oil using factorial design, Fuel Processing Technology, Volume 111, July 2013, Pages 105-110
    13.
  13. Simoni M. Plentz Meneghetti, Mario R. Meneghetti, Carlos R. Wolf, Eid C. Silva, Gilvan E. S. Lima, Laelson de Lira Silva, Tatiana M. Serra, Fernanda Cauduro, Lenise G. de Oliveira, Biodiesel from Castor Oil: A Comparison of Ethanolysis versus Methanolysis, Energy & Fuels 2006, 20, 2262-2265
    14.
  14. Mahesh N. Varma, Parag A. Deshpande, Giridhar Madras, Synthesis of biodiesel in supercritical alcohols and supercritical carbon dioxide, Fuel, Volume 89, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 1641-1646
    15.
  15. Hyun Jun Cho, Soo Hyun Kim, Seok Won Hong, Yeong-Koo Yeo, A single step non-catalytic esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) for biodiesel production, Fuel, Volume 93, March 2012, Pages 373-380
    16.
  16. Yuan-Chung Lin, Po-Ming Yang, Shang-Cyuan Chen, Jia-Fang Lin, improving biodiesel yields from waste cooking oil using ionic liquids as catalysts with a microwave heating system, Fuel Processing Technology, Volume 115, November 2013, Pages 57-62
    17.
  17. Mehrdad Mirzajanzadeh, Meisam Tabatabaei, Mehdi Ardjmand, Alimorad Rashidi, Barat Ghobadian, Mohammad Barkhi, Mohammad Pazouki, A novel soluble nano-catalysts in diesel–biodiesel fuel blends to improve diesel engines performance and reduce exhaust emissions, Fuel 139 (2015) 374–382.
    18.
  18. Xiulian Yin, Haile Ma, Qinghong You, Zhenbin Wang, Jinke Chang, Comparison of four different enhancing methods for preparing biodiesel through transesterification of sunflower oil, Applied Energy, Volume 91, Issue 1, March 2012, 320-325
    19.
  19. Radoslav D. Micic, Milica S. Bosnjak Kiralj, Sanja N. Panic, Milan D. Tomic, Branislav D. Jovic, Goran C. Boskovic, Activation temperature imposed textural and surface synergism of CaO catalyst for sunflower oil transesterification, Fuel 159 (2015) 638–645
    20.
  20. Haq Nawaz Bhatti, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Mohammad Qasim, Ata-ur-Rehman, Biodiesel production from waste tallow, Fuel, Volume 87, Issues 13–14, 2008, 2961-2966
    21.
  21. Eilhann E. Kwon, Eui-Chan Jeon, Haakrho Yi, Sungpyo Kim, transforming duck tallow into biodiesel via noncatalytic transesterification, Applied Energy, Volume 116, 1 2014, 20-25
    22.
  22. Liu, Kang, Rui Wang. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY TRANSESTERIFICATION OF DUCK OIL WITH METHANOL IN THE PRESENCE OF ALKALI CATALYST, Petroleum & Coal 55.1 (2013): 68-72.
    23.
  23. R. Chakraborty, H. Sahu, Intensification of biodiesel production from waste goat tallow using infrared radiation: Process evaluation through response surface methodology and artificial neural network, Applied Energy, Volume 114, 2014, 827-836
    24.
  24. Kaniz Ferdous, M. Rakib Uddin, Maksudur R. Khan, M. A. Islam, Biodiesel from Sesame oil: Base catalysed transesterification." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 1.4 (2012): 420-431
    25.
  25. Pingbo Zhang, Min Shi, Yanlei Liu, Mingming Fan, Pingping Jiang, Yuming Dong, Sr doping magnetic CaO parcel ferrite improving catalytic activity on the synthesis of biodiesel by transesterification, Fuel 186 (2016) 787–791
    26.
  26. Fan Zhang, Zhen Fang, Yi-Tong Wang, Biodiesel production directly from oils with high acid value by magnetic Na2SiO3@Fe3O4/C catalyst and ultrasound, Fuel 150 (2015) 370–377
    27.
  27. G. Baskar, S. Soumiya, Production of biodiesel from castor oil using iron (II) doped zinc oxide nanocatalyst, Renewable Energy 98 (2016) 101-107.
    28.
  28. Lin L., Cunshan Z., Vittayapadung S., Xiangqian S., Mingdong D., Opportunities and challenges for biodiesel fuel, Applied Energy, Vol. 88, 2011, 1020–1031.
    29.
  29. Ertan Alptekin, Mustafa Canakci, Optimization of transesterification for methyl ester production from chicken fat, Fuel, Volume 90, Issue 8, 2011, 2630-2638
    30.
  30. Ertan Alptekin, Mustafa Canakci, Huseyin Sanli, Methyl ester production from chicken fat with high FFA, world renewable Energy Congress 2011-Sweden, 8-13 May 2011
    31.
  31. Osman Nur Syazwani, Umer Rashid, Yun Hin Taufiq Yap, Low-cost solid catalyst derived from waste Cyrtopleura costata (Angel Wing Shell) for biodiesel production using microalgae oil, Energy Conversion and Management 101 (2015) 749–756.
    32.
  32. Mengzhu Liang, Benqiao He, Yixuan Shao, Jianxin Li, Yu Cheng, Preparation and catalytic performance of N-[(2-Hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride /Na2SiO3 polymerbased catalyst for biodiesel production, Renewable Energy 88 (2016) 51-57.
    33.
  33. Osmano Souza Valente, Vanya Márcia Duarte Pasa, Carlos Rodrigues Pereira Belchior, José Ricardo Sodré, Physical–chemical properties of waste cooking oil biodiesel and castor oil biodiesel blends, Fuel, 90(4), 2011: 1700-1702
    34.
  34. Paula Berman, Shahar Nizri, Zeev Wiesman, Castor oil biodiesel and its blends as alternative fuel, Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(7), 2011: 2861-2866
    35.
  35. Akbari, M., Razavizadeh, R., Mohebbi, G. H., Barmak, A., Oil characteristics and fatty acid profile of seeds from three varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivars in Bushehr-Iran, African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(57), pp. 12088-12093, 17, 2012
    36.
  36. Murat Kılıç, Başak Burcu Uzun, Ersan Pütün, Ayşe Eren Pütün, Optimization of biodiesel production from castor oil using factorial design, Fuel Processing Technology, 111, 2013:105-110
    37.
  37. Pedro Felizardo, M. Joana Neiva Correia, Idalina Raposo, João F. Mendes, Rui Berkemeier, João Moura Bordado, Production of biodiesel from waste frying oils, Waste Management, 26(5), 2006: 487-494
    38.
  38. Şehmus Altun, Fevzi Yaşar and Cengiz Öner. The fuel properties of methyl esters produced from canola oil- animal tallow blends by base catalyzed transesterification. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Vol.2, No.2, 2010
    39.
  39. M. Canakci, H. Sanli, Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties, Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 35(5), 2008: 431-441
    40.
  40. Rao PV. Experimental investigations on the influence of properties of jatropha biodiesel on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a DI-CI engine. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 2011:75
    41.
  41. Ertan Alptekin, Mustafa Canakci, Optimization of transesterification for methyl ester production from chicken fat, Fuel, 90(8), 2011: 2630-2638
    42.
  42. R. Abd Rabu, I. Janajreh, D. Honnery, Transesterification of waste cooking oil: Process optimization and conversion rate evaluation, Energy Conversion and Management, 65, 2013, 764-769.
    43.

 

 

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