تحلیل نقاط تغییر در سری زمانی دبی برخی ایستگاههای هیدرومتری استان گلستان
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیستابراهیم عسگری 1 , رئوف مصطفیزاده 2 , خدیجه حاجی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسیارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
2 - استادیارگروه آموزشی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسیارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
کلید واژه: بوت استرپ, دبی جریان, گرگانرود, تحلیل نقاط تغییر, سری زمانی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: تحلیل نقاط تغییر (Change Point Analysis) تکنیکی برای تعیین محل بالقوه تغییر در یک سری زمانی از دادهها است. بنابراین، این پژوهش با هدف تعیین و تحلیل نقاط تغییر در دادههای مربوط به دبی سالانه 20 ایستگاه هیدرومتری حوزه آبخیز گرگانرود در طول دوره آماری 34 ساله صورت گرفت. روش بررسی: سپس تعداد و زمان نقاط تغییر در دادههای میانگین دبی تعیین، و میزان و نوع تغییر نیز از آن استخراج گردید، و نتایج این تحلیلها با دادههای میانگین دما و بارش کل ایستگاهها مقایسه شد. براساس نتایج بدست آمده، مشخص گردید که بین تغییرات دبی (نقاط تغییر در دبی) با بارندگی ارتباط مستقیم معنیداری (p<0.001) وجود دارد، در حالیکه ارتباط میان دما و دبی جریان از نوع معکوس بوده ولی از نظر آماری معنیدار نمیباشد. یافتهها: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل نقاط تغییر در دبی نشان داد که نقاط تغییر در دادههای مورد استفاده در این مطالعه بیشتر از نوع کاهشی و در مواردی نیز افزایشی و در برخی از ایستگاهها اصلاً نقاط تغییری شناسایی نشده است. بنابراین تعداد تغییرات کاهشی در ایستگاههای هیدرومتری مورد مطالعه، بهطور معنیدار بیشتر از تغییرات افزایشی بوده، و بیشتر در بازه زمانی سالهای 1373، 1374 و 1377 بهترتیب در 4، 5 و 3 ایستگاه نیزقابل مشاهده است. در صورتی که بیشترین تغییرات افزایشی در بین ایستگاهها مربوط به ایستگاه لزوره در سالهای 1359 و 1390 بهترتیب برابر با مقادیر دبی 01/3 و90/0 مترمکعب بر ثانیه میباشد. بحث و نتیجهگیری: بنابراین، میتوان گفت که روش تحلیل نقاط تغییر امکان تعیین تغییرات دبی جریان و نیز مقدار تغییرات را فراهم نموده است، و اطلاع از روند تغییرات کاهشی یا افزایشی بارندگی و دبی در حوزههای آبخیز نقش مهمی در مدیریت منابع آب و امور مرتبط با مهندسی آب ایفا میکند.
Background and Objective: Change point analysis technique is an important method to detect potential change in time series. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine and analysis of change points in the annual discharge of Golestan Province over 20 hydrometric stations in a 34-years period. Methodology: Time and magnitude of change points have been defined and the results have been analysed along with variations of temperature and precipitation through the study area. According to the results, a significant positive correlation is exist between discharge and precipitation (p<0.001). While, the correlation between discharge and temperature had a negative non-significant correlation. Findings: The results showed that the dominance of change points are decreasing over the study area along with some increasing and no change cases. The number of significant decreasing points were significantly higher than increasing changes and the major changes had occurred in the 1994, 1995, and 1998 years in 4, 5, and 3 stations, respectively (the decreasing points happened over 1994-1998-time span). The highest observed changes was related to Lazoureh station in 1980 and 2011 years which the values of changes in discharge were 3.01 and 0.9 cubic meter per seconds, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the number and amount of changes in water discharge can be determined by the change point analysis technique. Understanding the trends decrease or increase in watershed rainfall and discharge have an important role in water resources management and water-related issues.
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- Chapman, D., 1996. Water quality assessments - a guide to use of biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring. Second Edition, Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge, 609p.
- Xiong, L., and Guo, Sh., 2004. Trend test and change-point detection for the annual discharge series of the Yangtze River at the Yichang hydrological station. Hydrological Sciences Journal, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 99-112.
- Dingman, S.L., 2002. Physical hydrology. Second Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 646p.
- Taylor, W.A., 2000. Change point analysis: a powerful new tool for detecting changes.
- Pettitt, A.N., 1979. A non-parametric approach to change point problem. Applied Statistics, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 126-135.
- Killick, R., Fearnhead, P., and Eckley, I.A., 2012. Optimal detection of change points with a linear computational cost. Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 107, No. 500, pp. 1590-1598.
- Kim, Ch., Suh, M.S., and Hong, K.O., 2009. Bayesian changepoint analysis of the annual maximum of daily and subdaily precipitation over South Korea. Journal of Climate, Vol. 22, No. 24, pp. 6741-6757.
- Killick, R., and Eckley, I.A., 2014. Change point: An R package for change point analysis. Journal of Statistical Software, Vol.58, No. 3, pp. 1-19.
- Scott, A.J., and Knott, M., 1974. A cluster analysis method for grouping means in the analysisof variance. Biometrics, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 507-512.
- Sen, A., and Srivastava, M.S., 1975. On tests for detecting change in mean. The Annals ofStatistics, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 98-108.
- Auger, I.E., and Lawrence, C.E., 1989. Algorithms for the optimal identification of segment Neighborhoods. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, Vol.51, No. 1, pp. 39-54.
- Bai, J., and Perron, P., 1998. Estimating and testing linear models with multiple structuralchanges. Econometrica, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 47-78.
- Reeves, J., Chen, J., Wang, X.L., Lund, R., and Lu, Q., 2007. A review and comparison of changepoint detection techniques for climate data. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 900-915.
- Erdman, C., and Emerson, J.W., 2008. A fast bayesian change point analysis for the segmentation of microarray data. Bioinformatics, Vol. 24, No. 19, pp. 2143-2148.
- Zeileis, A., Shah, A., and Patnaik, I., 2010. Testing, monitoring, and dating structural changes inexchange rate regimes. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 1696-1706.
- Killick, R., Eckley, I.A., Jonathan, P., and Ewans, K., 2010. Detection of changes in the characteristics of oceanographic timeseries using statistical change point analysis. OceanEngineering, Vol. 37, No. 13, pp. 1120-1126.
- Cavanagh, W.G., Hirst, S., and Litton, C.D., 1988. Soil phosphate, site boundaries, and change pointanalysis. Journal of FieldArchaeology, Vol. 15, pp. 67-83.
- Perreault, L., Bernier, J., Bobee, B., and Parent, E., 2000. Bayesian change point analysis in hydrometeorological timeseries. The Normal Model Revisited, Journal of Hygiene, Vol.235, pp. 221-241.
- Zanchettin, D., Traverso, P., and Tomasino, M., 2008. Po River discharges: a preliminary analysis of a 200-year timeseries. Climatic Change, No. 89, pp. 411-433.
- Mix, K., Lopes, V.L., and Rast, W., 2011. Annual and growing season temperature changes in the San Luis Valley, Colorado. Water, Air Soil Pollution, Vol. 220, No. 1, pp. 189-203.
- Marianji, Z., Maroufi, Z., and Abbasi, H., 2008. Detecting the trend of discharge changes and its relationship with meteorological parameters in Yalfan Hamadan basin using non-parametric Mann-Kendall method. 3rd Water Resources Management Conference, Tabriz, pp. 1-7. (In Persian)
- Dastorani, M.T., Bahri, M., and Panahi, M., 2013. Investigation of climate change trend and its impact on Jajrood River discharge. 8th National Conference on Watershed Management Science and Engineering, pp. 1-8. (In Persian)
- Birsan, M.V., Molnar, P., Burlando, P., and Pfaundler, M., 2005. Streamflow trends in Switzerland. Journal of Hydrology, Vol.314, pp. 312-329.
- Thodsen, H., 2007. The influence of climate change on stream flowin Danish Rivers. Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 333, pp. 226-238.
- Mostafazadeh, R., and Sheikh, V.B., 2012. Rain-gauge density assessment in Golestan province using spatial correlation technique. Watershed Management Research (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), No. 93, pp. 79-87. (In Persian)
- Mix, K., Lopes, V.L., and Rast, W., 2012. Environmental drivers of streamflow change in the Upper Rio Grande. Water Resources Management, Vol. 26, pp. 253-272.
- Efron, B., 1979. Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife«. Annals of Statistics, No. 7, pp. 1-26.
- Wu, C.F.J., 1986. Jackknife, Bootstrap and other resampling methods in regression analysis. The Annals of Statistics, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 1261-1295.
- Erdman, C., and Emerson, J.W., 2007. bcp: An R package for performing a Bayesian analysis of change point problems. Journal of Statistical Software, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 1-13.