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کد مقاله : JEST-1608-2887 (R1) بازدید : 158 صفحه: 159 - 170

10.30495/jest.2018.19922.2887

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

پهنه‌بندی کیفی آب شرب با استفاده از روش‌های ANP و FANP (مطالعه موردی: دشت بیرجند)

محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست

زهرا قربانی 1 , علی شهیدی 2 , محسن احمدی 3 , عاطفه صیادی 4

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد سازه‌های آبی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
3 - دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان (نویسنده مسئول مکاتبات)
4 - دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/16 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/08/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/01/01

کلید واژه: تحلیل شبکه‌ای فازی, کیفیت آب زیرزمینی, دشت بیرجند,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: آب‌های زیرزمینی از مهم‌ترین منابع آبی به خصوص در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک هستند. متأسفانه به علت ماهیت این منبع آبی، تصمیم‌گیری در خصوص کیفیت آن‌ها در سطح دشت دشوار است. به همین دلیل تکنیک‌های نوین مانند پهنه‌بندی به همراه روش‌های تصمیم‌گیری چند معیاره و فازی بدین منظور مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. هدف از این تحقیق نیز پهنه‌بندی کیفی آب زیرزمینی دشت بیرجند با استفاده از روش‌های ANP و FANP است.روش بررسی: دشت بیرجند واقع در شرق ایران با عرض جغرافیایی ˚30 ‘32 تا ‘00 ˚33 شمالی و طول جغرافیایی ˚45 ‘58 تا ‘41 ˚59 قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور پارامترهای منیزیم، کلسیم، کلر، کل املاح محلول، پی‌اچ و سختی کل برای 18 چاه و 9 قنات در سطح دشت مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که پارامترهای کلر، منیزیم و پی‌اچ بیشترین اثر را بر کیفیت آب زیرزمینی در دشت بیرجند داشتند به طوری که به ترتیب 2/17، 1/16 و 9/15 درصد کیفیت آب آبخوان تحت تأثیر مقادیر این پارامترها قرار داشت. نتایج نشان داد که جنوب‌شرقی از کیفیت مناسب‌تری نسبت به سایر مناطق برخوردار بود در حالی که غلظت پارامترها در جنوب‌غربی این دشت در بالاترین حد بودند. نتایج روش ANP نشان داد که مناطق با کیفیت خیلی خوب، خوب، نسبتأ خوب، نسبتأ بد، بد و خیلی بد به ترتیب 26/5، 56/10، 52/54، 89/15، 57/10 و 18/3 درصد از آبخوان را شامل شدند. این نتایج براساس روش FANP به ترتیب برابر 97/5، 01/22، 85/28، 16/30، 54/9 و 47/3 درصد بودند.نتیجه گیری: در روش FANP تغییرات مکانی و عدم قطعیت در نظر گرفته شده و به همین دلیل مساحت مناطق با کیفیت نسبتأ خوب و نسبتأ بد به هم نزدیک شده است. با توجه به نتایج، پیشنهاد می‌شود تراکم چاه‌های شرقی بیشتر شود تا آب با کیفیت مطلوب‌تری برداشت گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background: Groundwater is the most important water sources in arid and semi-arid regions. Due to its nature, it is difficult to decide about groundwater quality at each part of a basin. Regarding to this, new techniques like multi criteria decision making and fuzzy methods has been used. This research was conducted to zone Birjand groundwater quality by using ANP and FANP methods.  Material and Methods: Birjand plain located at the east of Iran with latitude between 32˚ 30’-33˚ 00’ and longitude between 58˚ 45’-59˚ 41’. In this study, the parameters: Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42-, Cl1-, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH and total hardness (TH) for 18 wells and 9 aqueducts were collected. Results:  The results indicated that Cl1-, Mg2+ and pH had the most effective on groundwater quality so that these parameters showed the effectiveness as 17.2, 16.1 and 15.9%, respectively. Results of zoning and fuzzy showed that southeast had more quality rather than other regions. Concentrations of mentioned parameters were high in southwest. ANP result revealed that very good, good, moderate, semi inappropriate, inappropriate and bad quality regions were as 5.25, 10.56, 54.52, 15.89, 10.57 and  3.18%, respectively. These parts according to FANP result were 5.97, 22.01, 28.85, 30.16, 9.54 and 3.47%, respectively. Conclusion: Since FANP assumed uncertainty and spatiality, the area of moderate and semi inappropriate regions were closer in this method compare to ANP. Regarding to the results, it is recommended to dig more wells in east of Birjand basin for achieving better groundwater quality.

منابع و مأخذ:


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3. Malegi-Gonadishi F, Rahnama M. B, Rezai A S. The study of drinking quality of Zarand plain groundwater using geostatistics and GS+ software. Second National Conference on Water and Wastewater reuse. Power and Water University of Technology. Tehran November, 2009.

4. Morari F, Lugato E, Borin M. An integrated non-point source model-GIS system for selecting criteria of best management practices in the PO Valley, North Italy. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2004; 102: 247–62.

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6. Gintamo T. T. Groundwater potential elevation based on integrated GIS and Remote Sensing techniques, in Bilate River catchment: South Rift Valley of Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis of Hydrogeology, University of Addis Ababa. 2010.

7. Nadun S. N. E. M, Maarof I, Ghazali R, Samad A. M, Adnan R. Sustainable groundwater potential zone using remote sensing and GIS. Signal Processing and Its Applications (CSPA), 6th International Colloquium on, 1(6), 21-23. 2010.

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_||_

1. Shaabani M, Determination of the most suitable geostatistical method for mapping of groundwater pH and TDS (a case study: Arsanjan plain). Journal of Water Engineering. 2009; 1:47-59.

2. Collins M G, Steiner F R, Rushman M J. Land-use suitability analysis in the United States: historical development and promising technological achievements. Environmental Management. 2001; 28 (5): 611–621.

3. Malegi-Gonadishi F, Rahnama M. B, Rezai A S. The study of drinking quality of Zarand plain groundwater using geostatistics and GS+ software. Second National Conference on Water and Wastewater reuse. Power and Water University of Technology. Tehran November, 2009.

4. Morari F, Lugato E, Borin M. An integrated non-point source model-GIS system for selecting criteria of best management practices in the PO Valley, North Italy. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2004; 102: 247–62.

5. Yaakup A, Ahmad Nazri M. L, Sulaiman S., Bajuri, H. GIS in urban planning and management. In: Malaysian Experience International Symposium & Exhibition on Geoinformation , Penang, Malaysia. 2005.

6. Gintamo T. T. Groundwater potential elevation based on integrated GIS and Remote Sensing techniques, in Bilate River catchment: South Rift Valley of Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis of Hydrogeology, University of Addis Ababa. 2010.

7. Nadun S. N. E. M, Maarof I, Ghazali R, Samad A. M, Adnan R. Sustainable groundwater potential zone using remote sensing and GIS. Signal Processing and Its Applications (CSPA), 6th International Colloquium on, 1(6), 21-23. 2010.

8. Saaty T L. The Analytic Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1980.

9. Saaty T L.  Decision Making with Dependence and Feedback: The Analytic Network Process. RWS Publications, Pittsburgh. 1996.

  1. Saaty T L. Vargas L G. Prediction Projection and Forecasting. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 1998.
    2.
  2. Okada H, Styles S. W, Grismer M E. Application of the analytic hierarchy process to irrigation project improvement: Part II. How professionals evaluate an irrigation project for its improvement. Agricultural water management. 2008; 95: 205–210.
    3.
  3. Montazar A, Zadbagher E. An analytical hierarchy model for assessing global water productivity of irrigation networks in Iran. Water Resources Management. 2010; 24(11): 2817-2832.
    4.
  4. Srdjevic B, Medeiros Y D P. Fuzzy AHP Assessment of Water Management Plans. Water Resource Management. 2008; 22: 877-894.
    5.
  5. Razavi Toosi S L, Samani J M V. Evaluating water transfer projects using Analytic Network Process (ANP). Water resources Management. 2012; 26:1999- 2014.
    6.
  6. Taghizadeh Mehrjerdi R, Zareian M, Mahmodi Sh. Heidari A. Spatial distribution of groundwater quality with geostatistics (Case study: Yazd-Ardakan plain). World Applied Science Journal. 2008; 4(1): 9-17.
    7.
  7. Zehtabian Gh, Mohammad Askari H. Zoning of quality of groundwater in Garmsar basin. Research Project. University of Tehran. 2007. (In Persian).
    8.
  8. Sanches Matros F, Jimenz Espinosa R, Pulido Bosch A. Mapping groundwater quality variables using PCA and geostatistics : a case study of Bajo Andarax, southeastern Spain. Hydrological Sciences-Journal-des Sciences Hydrologiques. 2001; 46(2): 227-242.
    9.
  9. Fetouani S, Sbaa M, Vanclooster M, Bendra B. Assessing groundwater quality in the irrigated plain of Triffa (Nnorth-east Morocco). Journal of Agricultural Water Management. 2008; 95: 133-142.
    10.
  10. Ganapuram S, Kumar V, Krishna M, Kahya E, Demirel C. Mapping of groundwater potential zones in the Musi basin using remote sensing data and GIS. Advances in Engineering Software. 2009; 40(7): 506-518.
    11.
  11. Khashei Siuki A, Ghahraman B, Kouchakzadeh M. Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process Method for Evaluating Groundwater Potentials of Aquifers (Case study: Nayshabur Plain). IWRJ. 2011; 5(9): 1-10. (In Persian).
    12.
  12. Zebardast A. Application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in urban and regional planning program. Fine Arts Journal. 2001; 10: 13-21.
    13.
  13. Jiang H, Eastman R R. Application of Fuzzy Measures in Multi- criteria Evaluation in GIS, International Journal of Geographic Information Systems. 2000; 14(2): 173-184.
    14.
  14. Malekian A, Oftadegan Khuzani A, Ashurnejad Q, Flood hazard zoning in watershed scale using fuzzy logic (case study: Akhtar Abad watershed), Physical Geography Research. 2013;44(4): 131-152.
    15.
  15. Saaty T L. The allocation of intangible resource: The analytic hierarchy process and linear programming. Socio-Economic Planning Science. 2001; 37(3): 169-184.
    16.
  16. Mishra P C, Patel R K. Study of the pollution load in the drinking water of Rairangpur, a small tribal dominated town of North Orissa. Indian Journal of Environment and Ecoplanning. 2001; 5(2): 293-298.
    17.
  17. Keshavarz A, Khashei Seouki A, Najafi M H. Locating of Suitable Area of Pumping Drinking Water Using FAHP Method (Case Study: Birjand Aquifer). Journal of Water & Wastewater. 2013; 25(91): 132-42. (In Persian).
    18.
  18. Dahiya S., Singh B, Gaur S, Garg V K, Kushwaha H S. Analysis of groundwater quality using fuzzy synthetic evaluation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2007; 147: 938-946.
    19.
  19. Keith S J, Wilson L G, Fitch H R. Esposito D M. Sources of spatial-temporal variability in groundwater quality data and methods of control. Groundwater Monitoring Program Report, Spring, Arizona, USA. 1983.
    20.


 

 

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