تدوین راهبردهای توسعه گردشگری در مناطق کوهستانی با استفاده از مدل SWOT و ماتریس QSPM (منطقه مورد مطالعه: مناطق کوهستانی مشرف به منطقه یک شهرداری تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیستسعید مطهری 1 , رضا ارجمندی 2 , جعفر نوری 3 , برهان ریاضی 4
1 - استادیار گروه محیط‌زیست، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن *(نویسنده مسوول).
2 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران
3 - استاد گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران
4 - استادیار گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران
کلید واژه: تهران, توسعه گردشگری, گردشگری کوهستان, مدیریت راهبردی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: وجود کوهستان در نزدیکی شهر تهران را فرصت مناسبی برای توسعه اقتصادی و گذران اوقات فراغت شهروندان فراهم آورده است. روند رو به رشد گردشگری در این مناطق و کم توجهی به یک برنامه راهبردی، موجبات اثرات نامطلوب زیست‌محیطی بویژه در مناطق کوهستانی مشرف به منطقه یک شهرداری تهران را به علت بهره‌برداری بیشتر فراهم آورده است. لذا، هدف پژوهش حاضر کمک به فرآیند مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی در محدوده مطالعاتی است.روش بررسی: این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی است که دارای سه مرحله اصلی است. درگام نخست وضع موجود با تهیه ماتریس ارزیابی عوامل داخلی (IFE) و خارجی (EFE) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در مرحله دوم با تهیه ماتریس فرصت‌ها، تهدیدات، قوت‌ها و ضعف‌ها (SWOT)، راهبردهای متناسب با عوامل ارائه گردید. در مرحله سوم نیز با کمک ماتریس برنامه‌ریزی راهبردی کمی (QSPM)، راهبردها ارزیابی و اولویت‌بندی شدند. یافته ها: در ماتریس ارزیابی عوامل داخلی، بیشترین امتیاز به "وجود ساختاری با نام -ناحیه ویژه کوهستان- در منطقه یک شهرداری تهران" و در ماتریس ارزیابی عوامل خارجی به "پایین بودن سطح آگاهی گردشگران از اهمیت محیط‌های کوهستانی" اختصاص یافته است. بر اساس نتایج، 26 راهبرد تعیین گردید.بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی راهبردها حاکی از آن است که اولین قدم در راستای اهداف مدیریت راهبردی محدوده مطالعاتی، راهبرد "تهیه طرح جامع گردشگری منطقه و تجهیز خدمات گردشگری با مشارکت سازمان‌های مرتبط" می باشد. "حفظ ویژگی‌ها و وجوه متمایز رود دره‌های دامنه جنوبی البرز با هدف حفظ تنوع محصول گردشگری" نیز در اولویت دوم قرار دارد.
Introduction:The existence of mountains near Tehran has created an opportunity for economic development, and is suitable for citizens to spend their leisure time as well. The tourism growth trend in these areas, without taking into account the strategic planning, has led to adverse environmental impacts especially to mountain areas adjacent to Tehran Municipality Region 1 due to uncontrolled utilization. Therefore, the current study aims to assist the management and planning process in area under studyMaterial and Methods:This analytical-descriptive study has been carried out in three stages. In the first step, the Internal and External Factors Evaluation (IFE and EFE) matrixes were prepared to evaluate the current situation. In the second step, the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) matrix was developed, and accordingly strategies were presented. In the third stage, by preparing the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), the strategies were evaluated and prioritizedResults and Discussion:In the IFE matrix the highest weighted score was assigned to “create a structure named specific mountain area in Tehran Municipality Region 1”, and in the EFE matrix “low awareness of tourists about importance of mountains” is the highest. According to the results, 26 strategies extracted. Based on comparison of mentioned strategies, “preparation of the tourism master plan and equipping tourist services in partnership with related organization” is the first step towards strategic management goals in area under study, and “maintaining features and distinctive aspects of the valleys of southern slopes of Alborz with the aim of preserving the diversity of tourism products” is the second priority.
- Meshkini, A., Heydari, T. 2011, Evaluation of tourism development in Zanjan using SWOT model (Case Study: Zanjanroud), geographic space, 35, 34-64. (In Persian)
- Beedie, P., Hudson, S. 2003, “Emergence of Mountain-Based Adventure Tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), pp 625-643.
- Pickering C., Hill W., (2007), Roadside Weeds of the Snowy Mountains, Australia, Mountain Research and Development, 27, 359–367.
- Yiping F., (2009), Adaptation Management of Mountain Tourism Service: The Case of the Source Regions of the Yangtze and Yellow River, Journal of mountain science, 6, 299-310.
- Kuniyal J.C., (2002), Mountain expeditions: minimising the impact, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 22, 561–581.
- Castellani V., Sala, S., (2010), Sustainable performance index for tourism policy development, Tourism Management, 31, 871–880.
- Lasanta T., Laguna M., Vicente-Serrano S.M., (2007), Do tourism-based ski resorts contribute to the homogeneous development of the Mediterranean mountains? A case study in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, Tourism Management, 28, 1326–1339.
- Geneletti D., Dawa D., (2009), Environmental impact assessment of mountain tourism in developing regions: A study in Ladakh, Indian Himalaya, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 29, 229–242.
- Singh R.B., Mishra D.K., (2004), Green tourism in mountain regions — reducing vulnerability and promoting people and place centric development in the Himalayas, Journal of Mountain Science, 1, 57–64.
- Tomczyk A.M., (2011), A GIS assessment and modelling of environmental sensitivity of recreational trails: The case of Gorce National Park, Poland, Applied Geography, 31, 339–351.
- Needham M.D., Rollins R.B., (2005), Interest group standards for recreation and tourism impacts at ski areas in the summer, Tourism Management, 26, 1–13.
- Geneletti D., Dawa D., (2009), Environmental impact assessment of mountain tourism in developing regions: A study in Ladakh, Indian Himalaya, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 29, 229–242.
- Ghaderi, R., Hadeyani, Z., Mohammadi, K., Aboubakri, T., 2011, The strategy of regional planning tourism by using SWOT technique (case study: Piranshahr city), Journal of Regional Planning, 1, 27-40. (In Persian)
- Noori, G., Mehdinasab, M., 2010, Investigation of Ecological Capabilities and Development of Tourism in Gahar Lake Based on SWOT Model, Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 5, 57-66. (In Persian)
- Davari, D., Shanehsazzadeh, M.H., (2001), “Strategic management from theory to practice”, Delsa. (In Persian)
- Parsayan, A., Arabi, S.M., (2007), “Strategic management”, iran cultural studies. (In Persian)
- Yüksel, I., deviren, M.D., (2007), “Using the analytic network process (ANP) in a SWOT analysis – A case study for a textile firm”, Mathematical Foundation for Intelligent Technologies, 177, pp 3364-3382
- Chang, L.B., (2005), “A SWOT analysis on tourism in Southeast Guizhou”, Journal of Guizhou Normal University (Natural Science).
- Rishi, S., Giridhar, B.S., (2007), “Himachal Tourism: A SWOT Analysis”, International Marketing Conference on Marketing & Society.
- Eftekhari, A., Mahdavi, D., 2006, Rural tourism development strategies using SWOT model (Case Study: Lavasan), Modarres Journal ,10, 1-30 (In Persian)
- Reihaniana, A., Mahmooda, N.Z.B., Kahromb, E., Hin, T.W., 2012. Sustainable tourism development strategy by SWOT analysis: Boujagh National Park, Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, Vol. 4, pp 223–228.
- Sariisika, M., Turkayb, O., Akova, O., 2011. How to manage yacht tourism in Turkey: A swot analysis and related strategies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 24, pp 1014–1025.
- Hafezniya, M.R., (2009), “An introduction to the research method in humanities”, samt. (In Persian)
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- Meshkini, A., Heydari, T. 2011, Evaluation of tourism development in Zanjan using SWOT model (Case Study: Zanjanroud), geographic space, 35, 34-64. (In Persian)
- Beedie, P., Hudson, S. 2003, “Emergence of Mountain-Based Adventure Tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), pp 625-643.
- Pickering C., Hill W., (2007), Roadside Weeds of the Snowy Mountains, Australia, Mountain Research and Development, 27, 359–367.
- Yiping F., (2009), Adaptation Management of Mountain Tourism Service: The Case of the Source Regions of the Yangtze and Yellow River, Journal of mountain science, 6, 299-310.
- Kuniyal J.C., (2002), Mountain expeditions: minimising the impact, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 22, 561–581.
- Castellani V., Sala, S., (2010), Sustainable performance index for tourism policy development, Tourism Management, 31, 871–880.
- Lasanta T., Laguna M., Vicente-Serrano S.M., (2007), Do tourism-based ski resorts contribute to the homogeneous development of the Mediterranean mountains? A case study in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, Tourism Management, 28, 1326–1339.
- Geneletti D., Dawa D., (2009), Environmental impact assessment of mountain tourism in developing regions: A study in Ladakh, Indian Himalaya, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 29, 229–242.
- Singh R.B., Mishra D.K., (2004), Green tourism in mountain regions — reducing vulnerability and promoting people and place centric development in the Himalayas, Journal of Mountain Science, 1, 57–64.
- Tomczyk A.M., (2011), A GIS assessment and modelling of environmental sensitivity of recreational trails: The case of Gorce National Park, Poland, Applied Geography, 31, 339–351.
- Needham M.D., Rollins R.B., (2005), Interest group standards for recreation and tourism impacts at ski areas in the summer, Tourism Management, 26, 1–13.
- Geneletti D., Dawa D., (2009), Environmental impact assessment of mountain tourism in developing regions: A study in Ladakh, Indian Himalaya, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 29, 229–242.
- Ghaderi, R., Hadeyani, Z., Mohammadi, K., Aboubakri, T., 2011, The strategy of regional planning tourism by using SWOT technique (case study: Piranshahr city), Journal of Regional Planning, 1, 27-40. (In Persian)
- Noori, G., Mehdinasab, M., 2010, Investigation of Ecological Capabilities and Development of Tourism in Gahar Lake Based on SWOT Model, Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 5, 57-66. (In Persian)
- Davari, D., Shanehsazzadeh, M.H., (2001), “Strategic management from theory to practice”, Delsa. (In Persian)
- Parsayan, A., Arabi, S.M., (2007), “Strategic management”, iran cultural studies. (In Persian)
- Yüksel, I., deviren, M.D., (2007), “Using the analytic network process (ANP) in a SWOT analysis – A case study for a textile firm”, Mathematical Foundation for Intelligent Technologies, 177, pp 3364-3382
- Chang, L.B., (2005), “A SWOT analysis on tourism in Southeast Guizhou”, Journal of Guizhou Normal University (Natural Science).
- Rishi, S., Giridhar, B.S., (2007), “Himachal Tourism: A SWOT Analysis”, International Marketing Conference on Marketing & Society.
- Eftekhari, A., Mahdavi, D., 2006, Rural tourism development strategies using SWOT model (Case Study: Lavasan), Modarres Journal ,10, 1-30 (In Persian)
- Reihaniana, A., Mahmooda, N.Z.B., Kahromb, E., Hin, T.W., 2012. Sustainable tourism development strategy by SWOT analysis: Boujagh National Park, Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, Vol. 4, pp 223–228.
- Sariisika, M., Turkayb, O., Akova, O., 2011. How to manage yacht tourism in Turkey: A swot analysis and related strategies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 24, pp 1014–1025.
- Hafezniya, M.R., (2009), “An introduction to the research method in humanities”, samt. (In Persian)