تأثیر آبیاری با شوری مختلف بر برخی خصوصیات خاک عامل تجمع نمک (مطالعه موردی: بیغرد شهرستان خنج)
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت منابع آب
احسان کمالی مسکونی
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری- گرایش آب. دانشگده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی- دانشگاه هرمزگان
)
سید فخرالدین افضلی
2
(
استادیار و هیئت علمی، بخش مهندسی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه شیراز
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/11/08
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/03/21
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/04/01
کلید واژه:
شوری آب آبیاری,
ظرفیت زراعی,
درصد رطوبت اشباع خاک,
پتانسیل شوری خاک,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: شوری منابع آب و خاک در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک از مسایلی است که کشاورزی را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و مشکلاتی را ایجاد نموده است. تأثیر نامطلوب شوری آب و خاک بر رشد و عملکرد انواع محصولات زراعی در مناطق خشک یک نگرانی جدی محسوب می شود. هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی اثر آبیاری با شوری های مختلف بر روند تغییرات برخی خصوصیات خاک در لایه سطحی خاک می باشد. روش بررسی: به این منظور نمونه برداری در 10 زمین کشاوری تحت آبیاری با کیفیت های متفاوت به صورت نواری به فواصل 6 متری (15نمونه) انجام گرفت. پارامترهای هدایت الکتریکی، رطوبت زراعی و رطوبت اشباع برای هر نمونه برداشت شده، اندازه گیری شد و سپس به ارزیابی عامل تجمع نمک پرداخته شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد بین هدایت الکتریکی عصاره اشباع خاک و شوری آب آبیاری، درصد رطوبت اشباع و ظرفیت زراعی خاک در تمامی زمین های زراعی که به صورت نواری نمونه برداری شده بود رابطه معناداری با R2>90 وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان دهنده رابطه نمایی معناداری، بین عامل تجمع نمک و درصد رطوبت اشباع در تمامی زمین های کشاورزی که به صورت نواری نمونه برداری شده بود وجود دارد. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: به طورکلی نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد کهشوری خاک عمدتاً تحت تأثیر کیفیت آب های آبیاری می باشند و همچنین آبیاری با آب نامطلوب بر روی تغییر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک تاثیرگذار بوده است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Existence of water and soil salinity resources in arid and semiarid areas is an issue that affects agriculture and poses many problems. The adverse effect of water and soil salinity on growth and function of various crops in arid areas is a serious concern. The main objective of this study was to survey the impact of irrigation with different salinities on the changes in some soil properties in top soil. Method: For this purpose, 10 land transects in farmlands with different quality of irrigation were sampled at intervals of 6 m (15 samples). Parameters of electrical conductivity, field moisture content and saturation water content were measured for each sample, and then the salt concentration factor (SCF) was evaluated. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant relationship (R2>90) between ECe and ECw and between saturation water content and field moisture content in the whole lands which underwent transect sampling. The results also indicated that there is a significant relationship (R2>90) between the SCF and saturation water content in the whole lands that underwent transect sampling. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, the results of this study indicated that soil salinity was mainly influenced by water quality and poor water quality could change the physical properties of soil.
منابع و مأخذ:
Ghanbari Mofti Kolaei, H., Bahmanyar, M.A., Salek Gilani, S., Raiesi, F., 2013. The effect of different levels of saline irrigation water and some amendments on microbial respiration, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere soil during vegetative growth of Soybean. Water and Soil Conservation, Vol. 19, pp. 1-13. (In Persian)
Hafsi, C., Lakhdar, A., Rabhi, M., Debez, A., Abdelly, C., Ouerghi, Z., 2007. Interactive effects of salinity and potassium availability on growth, water status, and ionic composition of Hordeum maritimum. Plant Neutral Soil Science, Vol. 170, pp. 469-473
Rengasamy, P., 2006. World salinisation with emphasis on Australia. US national Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, Vol. 57, pp. 337-348
Noshadi, M., 2013. Determination effect of salinity and irrigation management practices in both surface and underground drip irrigation methods on strawberry plants. 4th national conference of management of irrigation and drainage networks. Ahvas. Iran. (In Persian)
Tóth, G., Montanarella, L., Rusco, E., 2008. Updated map of salt affected soils in the European Union threats to soil quality in Europe, European Communities, pp: 61-74.
Amezkaeta, E., 2006. An integrated methodology for assessing soil salinization, a pre-condition for land desertification. Journal of Arid Environments, Vol. 67, pp. 594-606.
Franco, J.A., Abrisqueta, J.M., Hernansaes, A., Moreno, F., 2000. Water balance in a young almond orchard under drip irrigation with water of low quality. Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 43, pp. 75-98.
Qadir, M., Ghafoor, A., Murtaza, G., 2001. Use of saline-sodic waters through phytoremediation of calcareous saline-sodic soils. Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 50, pp. 197-210.
Rahimian, M.H., Rousta, M.J., Meshkat, M.A., Goosheh, M.A., Shiran, M., 2012. Soil Salinity Profile As Affected by Saline Shallow Water Table in Azadegan Plain, Khuzestan, Iranian Journal of Soil Research, Vol, 26, pp. 381-389. (In Persian)
Sajadi, M., Zeinedini, A., Mahmudi, S., 2012. Quality impacts of irrigation on soil properties and yield of pistachio in plain Robat Shahrbabak. The Iranian society of irrigation and water, Vol, 7, pp. 36-45. (In Persian)
Grattan, S.R., Shannan, C., May, D.M., Mitchell J.P., 1996. Use of drainage water for irrigation of melons and tomatoes. California Agricultuer, Vol. 41, pp. 27-28.
Dalton, F.N., Poss, J.A., 1990. Soil water content and salinity assessment for irrigation using time-domain reflectometry: principles and application. Acta Horticulture, Vol. 278, pp. 381-393.
Stephen, R., 2002. Irrigation water salinity and crop production. Publication, Vol. 8066, pp. 1-9.
Miyamoto, S., Chacon, A., 2006. Soil salinity of urban turf areas irrigated with saline water. II. Soil factors. Landscape. Urban Plan. Vol. 77, pp. 28–38.
Moran, S.R., Groemewold, G., Cherry, J.A., 2001. Hydrogeologic and geochemical concepts and methods in overburden investigation for reclamations of mined land. Notrh Dakota Geological Survey Report Investigation. pp. 63,150.
Aragüésa, R., Urdanozb, V., Etinc, M.C., Kirdac, H., Ltifid W., Lahloue M., Douaikf, A., 2011. Soil salinity related to physical soil characteristics and irrigation management in four Mediterranean irrigation districts. Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 98, pp. 959–966.
Feizi, M., 2013. Effect of Water Quality and Managements on Soil Chemical Characteristics. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, Vol, 27, pp. 239-252. (In Persian)
Alihouri, M., Naseri, A.A., Boroomand-Nasab, S., Kiani, A., 2015. Effect of deficit irrigation and water salinity on soil salinity distribution and date plants vegetative growth. Journal of water and soil resources conservation, Vol, 4, pp. 1-13. (In Persian)
Kamali Maskooni, E., Amiri, I., Afzali, S.F., 2014. Soil Salinity Estimation with SCF and other traditional parameters. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life, Vol.98, pp. 506–510.
Kamali Maskooni, E., Afzali, S.F., Merovat, A., Kamali, M.A., 2011. The effect of flood irrigation on soil characteristics in Bugard dam. 12th National conference of Iranian soil science, Tabris. Iran. (In Persian)
Adelpour, A,A., Afzali, S.F., Kamali Maskooni, E., 2009. Investigating the Impact of Small Water Supply and Development Projects on the Quality and Quality of Groundwater Table. 12th national conference of irrigation and decreasing of evaporation. Kerman, Iran. (In Persian)
Rhoades, J.D., 1974. Drainage for salinity control. In: Shilfgaarde, J. V. (Ed.), Drainage for Agriculture.
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Ghanbari Mofti Kolaei, H., Bahmanyar, M.A., Salek Gilani, S., Raiesi, F., 2013. The effect of different levels of saline irrigation water and some amendments on microbial respiration, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere soil during vegetative growth of Soybean. Water and Soil Conservation, Vol. 19, pp. 1-13. (In Persian)
Hafsi, C., Lakhdar, A., Rabhi, M., Debez, A., Abdelly, C., Ouerghi, Z., 2007. Interactive effects of salinity and potassium availability on growth, water status, and ionic composition of Hordeum maritimum. Plant Neutral Soil Science, Vol. 170, pp. 469-473
Rengasamy, P., 2006. World salinisation with emphasis on Australia. US national Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, Vol. 57, pp. 337-348
Noshadi, M., 2013. Determination effect of salinity and irrigation management practices in both surface and underground drip irrigation methods on strawberry plants. 4th national conference of management of irrigation and drainage networks. Ahvas. Iran. (In Persian)
Tóth, G., Montanarella, L., Rusco, E., 2008. Updated map of salt affected soils in the European Union threats to soil quality in Europe, European Communities, pp: 61-74.
Amezkaeta, E., 2006. An integrated methodology for assessing soil salinization, a pre-condition for land desertification. Journal of Arid Environments, Vol. 67, pp. 594-606.
Franco, J.A., Abrisqueta, J.M., Hernansaes, A., Moreno, F., 2000. Water balance in a young almond orchard under drip irrigation with water of low quality. Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 43, pp. 75-98.
Qadir, M., Ghafoor, A., Murtaza, G., 2001. Use of saline-sodic waters through phytoremediation of calcareous saline-sodic soils. Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 50, pp. 197-210.
Rahimian, M.H., Rousta, M.J., Meshkat, M.A., Goosheh, M.A., Shiran, M., 2012. Soil Salinity Profile As Affected by Saline Shallow Water Table in Azadegan Plain, Khuzestan, Iranian Journal of Soil Research, Vol, 26, pp. 381-389. (In Persian)
Sajadi, M., Zeinedini, A., Mahmudi, S., 2012. Quality impacts of irrigation on soil properties and yield of pistachio in plain Robat Shahrbabak. The Iranian society of irrigation and water, Vol, 7, pp. 36-45. (In Persian)
Grattan, S.R., Shannan, C., May, D.M., Mitchell J.P., 1996. Use of drainage water for irrigation of melons and tomatoes. California Agricultuer, Vol. 41, pp. 27-28.
Dalton, F.N., Poss, J.A., 1990. Soil water content and salinity assessment for irrigation using time-domain reflectometry: principles and application. Acta Horticulture, Vol. 278, pp. 381-393.
Stephen, R., 2002. Irrigation water salinity and crop production. Publication, Vol. 8066, pp. 1-9.
Miyamoto, S., Chacon, A., 2006. Soil salinity of urban turf areas irrigated with saline water. II. Soil factors. Landscape. Urban Plan. Vol. 77, pp. 28–38.
Moran, S.R., Groemewold, G., Cherry, J.A., 2001. Hydrogeologic and geochemical concepts and methods in overburden investigation for reclamations of mined land. Notrh Dakota Geological Survey Report Investigation. pp. 63,150.
Aragüésa, R., Urdanozb, V., Etinc, M.C., Kirdac, H., Ltifid W., Lahloue M., Douaikf, A., 2011. Soil salinity related to physical soil characteristics and irrigation management in four Mediterranean irrigation districts. Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 98, pp. 959–966.
Feizi, M., 2013. Effect of Water Quality and Managements on Soil Chemical Characteristics. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, Vol, 27, pp. 239-252. (In Persian)
Alihouri, M., Naseri, A.A., Boroomand-Nasab, S., Kiani, A., 2015. Effect of deficit irrigation and water salinity on soil salinity distribution and date plants vegetative growth. Journal of water and soil resources conservation, Vol, 4, pp. 1-13. (In Persian)
Kamali Maskooni, E., Amiri, I., Afzali, S.F., 2014. Soil Salinity Estimation with SCF and other traditional parameters. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life, Vol.98, pp. 506–510.
Kamali Maskooni, E., Afzali, S.F., Merovat, A., Kamali, M.A., 2011. The effect of flood irrigation on soil characteristics in Bugard dam. 12th National conference of Iranian soil science, Tabris. Iran. (In Persian)
Adelpour, A,A., Afzali, S.F., Kamali Maskooni, E., 2009. Investigating the Impact of Small Water Supply and Development Projects on the Quality and Quality of Groundwater Table. 12th national conference of irrigation and decreasing of evaporation. Kerman, Iran. (In Persian)
Rhoades, J.D., 1974. Drainage for salinity control. In: Shilfgaarde, J. V. (Ed.), Drainage for Agriculture.
