ارزیابی ریسک سرطان‌زایی و غیر سرطان‌زایی در مواجهه با فلزات سنگین هوا
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)
سید رضا کریمی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
نبی اله منصوری
2
(استاد گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
لعبت تقوی
3
(دانشیار گروه علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
مظاهر معین الدینی
4
(دانشیار گروه علوم محیط‌زیست، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/01/21
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/04/06
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/06/01
کلید واژه:
فلزات سنگین,
سرطان‌زایی,
اتمسفر,
مواجهه,
ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: برخی از فلزات سنگین هوا به دلیل ویژگی‌های بزرگنمایی زیستی، پایداری و اثرات مخرب بر روی سلامت انسان اهمیت بسیار زیادی دارند. هدف اصلی از پژوهش حاضر شناسایی و ارزیابی ریسک فلزات سنگینی است که پتانسیل سرطان‌زایی و غیر سرطان‌زایی را برای مردم منطقه 21 به همراه دارد.
روش بررسی: منطقه 21 تهران به دلیل داشتن کاربری‌های صنعتی و نیمه‌صنعتی به‌عنوان منطقه موردمطالعه انتخاب شد. طبق استاندارد ASTM و EPA با استفاده از پمپ حجم بالا 50 نمونه از هوا به کمک فیلترهای فایبرگلاس از کاربری‌های مختلف منطقه 21 در سال 1400 برداشت شد. تعیین غلظت فلزات سنگین با استفاده از دستگاه ICP-OES صورت گرفت. همچنین با استفاده از روش سیستم اطلاعات یکپارچه ریسک IRIS ارزیابی ریسک سرطان و غیر سرطان محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: میانگین غلظت فلزات سنگین به ترتیب روند کاهشی شامل Li<Ti<W<Pb<Sr<Mg<Fe<Zn<Cr<Al است که آلومینیوم با 87/58 g/m3 µ بیشترین غلظت و لیتیم با 01/0 g/m3 µ کمترین غلظت را دارد. همچنین نتایج ارزیابی ریسک تنفسی بیانگر آن است که HQ آلومینیوم با 01 E + 13/1 ریسک غیر سرطانی و Cr سرب با 05-E 49/1 ریسک سرطانی دارد.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: مقایسه میزان سرب با استاندارد ملی آمریکا نشان می‌دهد که غلظت سرب در سطح مناسبی قرار ندارد. یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند در تدوین استراتژی‌های مناسب توسط مدیران شهری و اولویت‌بندی کنترل ریسک فلزات سنگین هوا کمک شایانی کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Some heavy metals in the air are very important due to their biomagnification properties, persistence and harmful effects on human health. The main goal of this research is to identify and assess the risk of heavy metals that have carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic potential for the people of Region 21.
Material and Methodology: District 21 of Tehran was selected as the study area due to its industrial and semi-industrial uses. According to ASTM and EPA standards, 50 air samples were taken from different uses of Region 21 in 2021 using high volume pumps with the help of fiberglass filters. The concentration of heavy metals was determined using ICP-OES. Cancer and non-cancer risk assessments were also calculated using the IRIS integrated information system method.
Findings: The average concentration of heavy metals in the decreasing trend is Li <Ti <W <Pb <Sr <Mg <Fe <Zn <Cr <Al, respectively, with aluminum having the highest concentration of 58.87 µg/m3 and lithium with 0.01 µg/m3 has the lowest concentration. In addition, the results of respiratory risk assessment indicate that HQ aluminum with 1/13E+01 has a non-cancer risk and Cr lead with 1/49E-05 has a cancer risk.
Discussion and Conclusion: Comparing the amount of lead with the US national standard shows that the concentration of lead is not at the appropriate level. The findings of this study can help in formulating appropriate strategies by city managers and prioritizing the control of heavy metals in the air.
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Mohammadi M, Yari A, Saghazadeh M, Sobhanardakani S, Geravandi S, Afkar A, et al. A health risk assessment of heavy metals in people consuming Sohan in Qom. Iran. Toxin Rev. 2017.
Wu H, Lai C, Zeng G, Liang J, Chen J, Xu J, et al. The interactions of composting and biochar and their implications for soil amendment and pollution remediation: a review. Critical reviews in biotechnology. 2017;37(6):754-64.
Ye S, Zeng G, Wu H, Zhang C, Liang J, Dai J, et al. Co-occurrence and interactions of pollutants, and their impacts on soil remediation—a review. Critical reviews in environmental science and technology. 2017;47(16):1528-53.
Dobaradaran S, Soleimani F, Nabipour I, Saeedi R, Mohammadi MJ. Heavy metal levels of ballast waters in commercial ships entering Bushehr port along the Persian Gulf. Marine pollution bulletin. 2018;126:74-6.
Li Z, Ma Z, van der Kuijp TJ, Yuan Z, Huang L. A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in China: Pollution and health risk assessment. Science of The Total Environment. 2014;468-469:843-53.
Wang P, Li Z, Liu J, Bi X, Ning Y, Yang S, et al. Apportionment of sources of heavy metals to agricultural soils using isotope fingerprints and multivariate statistical analyses. Environmental Pollution. 2019;249:208-16.
Xiao R, Guo D, Ali A, Mi S, Liu T, Ren C, et al. Accumulation, ecological-health risks assessment, and source apportionment of heavy metals in paddy soils: A case study in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China. Environmental Pollution. 2019;248:349-57.
Dias GM, Edwards GC. Differentiating Natural and Anthropogenic Sources of Metals to the Environment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2003;9(4):699-721.
Suvarapu LN, Baek S-O. Determination of heavy metals in the ambient atmosphere: A review. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 2016;33(1):79-96.
Gelly R, Fekiacova Z, Guihou A, Doelsch E, Deschamps P, Keller C. Lead, zinc, and copper redistributions in soils along a deposition gradient from emissions of a Pb-Ag smelter decommissioned 100 years ago. Science of The Total Environment. 2019;665:502-12.
Olawoyin R, Schweitzer L, Zhang K, Okareh O, Slates K. Index analysis and human health risk model application for evaluating ambient air-heavy metal contamination in Chemical Valley Sarnia. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018;148:72-81.
Kastury F, Smith E, Karna RR, Scheckel KG, Juhasz AL. An inhalation-ingestion bioaccessibility assay (IIBA) for the assessment of exposure to metal(loid)s in PM10. Science of The Total Environment. 2018;631-632:92-104.
Shaik A, Sultana S, Alsaeed A. Lead exposure: a summary of global studies and the need for new studies from Saudi Arabia. Disease markers. 2014;2014.
Pandey M, Pandey AK, Mishra A, Tripathi BD. Speciation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals in respirable suspended particulate matter (PM10) in Varanasi, India. Urban Climate. 2017;19:141-54.
Keshavars Lelekami A, Shakerian A. Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Broken Dark Tea in Alborz Province and Estimation of Consumer Health Risk at 2019. Journal of Health. 2021;12(2):167-77.
Khan SA, Muhammad S, Nazir S, Shah FA. Heavy metals bounded to particulate matter in the residential and industrial sites of Islamabad, Pakistan: Implications for non-cancer and cancer risks. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 2020;19:100822.
Bello S, Nasiru R, Garba NN, Adeyemo DJ. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals exposure from Shanono and Bagwai artisanal gold mines, Kano state, Nigeria. Scientific African. 2019;6:e00197.
Shojaee Barjoee S, Azimzadeh HR, Talebi Varaoon V, Abbasi MJ, Sodaiezadeh H. Modeling of PM10 Pollution Range of Meybod-Ardakan and Ardakan-Nain Highways and Health Risk Assessment of Surrounding Residents Using IVE and AERMOD Models. Journal of Health. 2021;12(2):178-97.
Koki IB, Bayero AS, Umar A, Yusuf S. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in water, air, soil and fish. African journal of pure and applied chemistry. 2015;9(11):204-10.
Waste and cleanup risk assessment. 2012.
Lushenko MA. A Risk Assessment for Ingestion of Toxic Chemicals in Fish from IMPERIAL Beach, California: San Diego State University; 2010.
Epa U. SAMPLING OF AMBIENT AIR FOR TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (SPM) AND PM10 USING HIGH VOLUME (HV) SAMPLER. Center for Environmental Research Information Office of Research and Development. 1999.
Castilho INB, Welz B, Vale MGR, de Andrade JB, Smichowski P, Shaltout AA, et al. Comparison of three different sample preparation procedures for the determination of traffic-related elements in airborne particulate matter collected on glass fiber filters. Talanta. 2012;88:689-95.
Hosseini G, Teymouri P, Giahi O, Maleki A. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric PM10 in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Campus. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2016;25(132):136-46.
Shojaee Barjoee S, Azimzadeh HR, Hosseini Sangchi SZ. Study of Suspended Air Particles and Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 in One of the Textile Industries. Journal of Health. 2020;11(2):144-55.
Khramtsov P, Kalashnikova T, Bochkova M, Kropaneva M, Timganova V, Zamorina S, et al. Measuring the concentration of protein nanoparticles synthesized by desolvation method: Comparison of Bradford assay, BCA assay, hydrolysis/UV spectroscopy and gravimetric analysis. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2021;599:120422.
Sinkakarimi R, Mahdi Nejad, Mohammad Hadi, Hatami Manesh. Health risk assessment of some heavy metals in groundwater resources of Birjand plain using the index of Environmental Protection Agency. Journal of Health. 2020;11(2):183-93.
Aghaei M, Yunesian M. Exposure Assessment to Environmental Pollutants in Human Health Risk Assessment Studies; Overview on New Approaches. Journal of Health. 2019;10(2):138-55.
Vaziri A, Ghanavati N, Nazarpour A, Babaenejad T. Status, Source and Environmental Pollution Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Surface Soils of Khuzestan Province. Journal of Health. 2021;11(5):664-78.
Toxic effect of Aluminum. Pejouhesh dar Pezeshki (Research in Medicine). 2003;27(4):331-41.
Tietz T, Lenzner A, Kolbaum AE, Zellmer S, Riebeling C, Gürtler R, et al. Aggregated aluminium exposure: risk assessment for the general population. Archives of Toxicology. 2019;93(12):3503-21.
Saberi H., Golchin A., Alamdari P. Assessment of contamination of soils around Arak Aluminum Plant with elements of aluminum, iron, manganese and lead. Environmental science and technology. 1399; 22 (2Baghaie AH, Aghili F. Health risk assessment of Pb and Cd in soil, wheat, and barley in Shazand County, central of Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2019;17(1):467-77. (In Persian)
Salehi, payment of A. Heavy metal risk assessment in Tehran air (Case study: District 6 of Tehran Municipality). Sixth International Conference on Research in Science and Engineering and Third International Congress on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning in Asia: 1400 .(In Persian)
Khakpour R, payment of A. Cancer and non-cancer risk assessment of heavy metals of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead of Abshineh river for drinking water consumption in Hamadan. Sixth International Conference on Modern Studies in Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Planning and Environment in the 21st Century: 1400. (In Persian)
Former Sajedi, Mansouri Na, Taghavi L, Haji Seyed Mirza Hosseini S. Investigation of lead pollution in suspended particles inside and outside residential, office and commercial buildings in Karaj metropolis. 1400. (In Persian)
