تغییرات برخی از خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی ارقام انتخابی بادام (Prunus dulcis Mill.) پیوند شده بر روی پایه‌های مختلف تحت تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : زیست شناسی سلولی تکوینی گیاهی و جانوری ، تکوین و تمایز ، زیست شناسی میکروارگانیسمعبدالباسط رنجبر 1 , علی ایمانی 2 , سعید پیری 3 , وحید عبدوسی 4
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران
2 - موسسه تحقیقات باغبانی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
3 - گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ابهر، ایران
4 - گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: کلروفیل, نشت الکترولیت, پایه, محتوای نسبی آب برگ,
چکیده مقاله :
این آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی پاسخ ارقام انتخابی بادام پیوند شده بر روی پایه‌های مختلف و تحت تنش خشکی بر شاخص پایداری غشاء سلولی (MSI) ، کلروفیل فلورسانس (CF) و شاخص کلروفیل (CCI) بصورت گلدانی در پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری کرج در سال 1395 بصورت فاکتوریل 5×3×4 و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور رقم در 5 سطح (سوپرنووا، تگزاس، مارکونا، شکوفه و K13-40)، پایه در 3 سطح (هیبریدهای هلو× بادام GF-677، GN-22 و بذری) و تنش خشکی در 4 سطح (دور آبیاری3 (شاهد)، 5، 10 و 15 روز) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل رقم، پایه و تنش خشکی بر پارامترهای کلروفیل فلورسانس (حداکثر (Fm)، متغیر (Fv) و متغیر به حداکثر (Fv/Fm)) و همچنین اثرات متقابل پایه و تنش خشکی و نیز رقم و تنش خشکی بر همه صفات مورد ارزیابی در سطح احتمال 1% معنی دار بود. تنش خشکی با افزایشFo و کاهش Fm، در ارقام مورد ارزیابی Fv را کاهش داد و حداکثر کارایی کوانتومی فتوسیستم II یعنی Fv/Fm را در ارقام حساس بر روی پایه‌های بذری و GN-22 از 82/0 به 67/0 کاهش داد. به عنوان یک نتیجه کلی همه ارقام بر روی پایه GF-677 مقاومت بیشتری به تنش خشکی نشان دادند و ارقام شکوفه و سوپرنوآ مخصوصاً بر روی پایه GF-677 برترین ترکیب در برابر تنش خشکی در این آزمایش بودند.
In order to evaluate the response of selected cultivars of almond, grafted on different rootstocks under drought stress due to increased irrigation intervals in the 2015-2016 year, in the Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute in Karaj, a factorial based on a randomized complete design with three replications was carried out. Factors comprised cultivars in five levels (Supernova, Texas, Marcona, Shokoufeh and K13-40), rootstocks in Three levels [peaches × almonds hybrids (GF-677 and GN-22), and bitter almond seedlings NO. 32], and drought stress in four levels (irrigation intervals were 3(Control), 5, 10 and 15 Days). The results showed that the interaction of three factors for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters include maximum (Fm), variable (Fv) and variable to maximum (Fv/Fm), electrolyte leakage and releate water content(RWC) of leaves at 1% probability level, and interaction effects of rootstock × cultivar for chlorophyll b and a/b as well as cultivar × drought stress for a/b were significant at 5% probability level. Also, interaction effects of rootstock × drought stress were significant for all evaluated traits except a/b at 1% probability level. Drought stress reduced Fv by increasing Fo and decreasing Fm, and reduced Fv/Fm in sensitive cultivars on seedling and GN-22 rootstocks from 0.82 to 0.67. As a general result, all of the cultivars on the GF-677 rootstock showed greater resistance to drought stress. Supernova and Shokofeh cultivars grafted on GF-677 rootstock were most resistant rootstock - scion compounds, but other rootstock-scions compounds, were sensitive to drought stress.
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