The Effect of Dusts on Liver Enzymes and Kidney Parameters of Serum in Male Rats in Khuzestan, Iran
Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks
Najmeh Soleimani
1
,
Hassan Faridnouri
2
,
Mohammadreza Dayer
3
1 - School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan 3671641167, Iran
2 - School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan 3671641167, Iran
3 - Biology Dept., Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Keywords: Iran, Khuzestan province, Dusts, Kidney and liver enzymes, Metals toxicity,
Abstract :
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dusts on rat specimens in Southern Iran, Khuzestan, focusing on serum enzymes (Alpha-Amylase, Alkaline phosphatase, Alanine transaminase, Lactate dehydrogenase, and Aspartate transaminase) and kidney parameters (creatinine and urea). The study was conducted on 30 adult male rats that were divided into six groups, including one as the control group, and five as the experimental groups (Ahvaz, Ramhormoz, Andimeshk, Abadan, and Susangerd). Results showed that alanine aminotransferase increased in the groups of Ramhormoz, Andimeshk, Abadan, and Susangerd while Ahvaz showed a decrease. Alkaline phosphatase activity in all treated groups showed a significant increase compared to the control group. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase decreased in all samples, but only in Ahvaz and Susangerd groups it was significant compared to control group. Alpha-amylase activity was significantly increased in the groups of Ramhormoz, Andimeshk, Abadan, but decreased significantly in Ahvaz group, indicating a different value of harmful substances in dust particulates of these five cities. Serum urea level increased in all groups except Ahvaz, which was only significant in the group of Ramhormoz. Also, creatinine level decreased in all groups except Ahvaz. The results of this study showed that, the effect of fine dust was more evident in three cities of Ahvaz, Andimeshk and Ramhormoz due to the large amounts of total concentrations of heavy metals. Also, both the liver and the kidney were affected by both particulate matter, but it seems that the effect on the liver was more than the kidney.
1. Sarkar S., Chauhan A., Kumar R., Singh R.P., 2019. Impact of deadly dust storms (May 2018) on air quality, meteorological, and atmospheric parameters over the northern parts of India. GeoHealth, 3(3), 67-80.
2. Cao H., Liu J., Wang G., Yang G., Luo L., 2015. Identification of sand and dust storm source areas in Iran. Journal of Arid Land. 7(5), 567-578.
3. Geravandi S., Goudarzi G., Mohammadi M.J., Taghavirad S.S., Salmanzadeh S., 2015. Sulfur and Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure and the Incidence of Health Endpoints in Ahvaz, Iran. Health Scope. 4(2), e24318.
4. Broomandi P., Dabir B., Bonakdarpour B., Rashidi Y., 2017. Identification of dust storm origin in South–West of Iran. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 15(1), 16.
5. Raaschou-Nielsen O., Andersen Z.J., Beelen R., Samoli E., Stafoggia M., Weinmayr G., Hoffmann B., Fischer P., Nieuwenhuijsen M.J., Brunekreef B., 2013. Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). The lancet oncology. 14(9), 813-822.
6. Li N., Xia T., Nel A.E., 2008. The role of oxidative stress in ambient particulate matter-induced lung diseases and its implications in the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 44(9), 1689-1699.
7. Saeb K., Sarizade G., Khodadi M., Biazar E., 2013. Evaluation of consequences of dust positioned in southwest of Iran on coagulant factors. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences. 38(2), 84.
8. Soleimani Z., Parhizgari N., Rad H.D., Akhoond M.R., Kermani M., Marzouni M.B., Goudarzi H., Goudarzi G., 2015. Normal and dusty days comparison of culturable indoor airborne bacteria in Ahvaz, Iran. Aerobiologia. 31(2), 127-141.
9. Bahrami Asl F., Kermani M., Aghaei M., Karimzadeh S., Salahshour Arian S., Shahsavani A., Goudarzi G., 2015. Estimation of Diseases and Mortality Attributed to NO2 pollutant in five metropolises of Iran using AirQ model in 2011-2012. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 24(121), 239-249.
10. Seaton A., Soutar A., Crawford V., Elton R., McNerlan S., Cherrie J., Watt M., Agius R., Stout R., 1999. Particulate air pollution and the blood. Thorax. 54(11), 1027-1032.
11. Rezaei M., Salimi A., Taghidust M., Naserzadeh P., Goudarzi G., Seydi E., Pourahmad J., 2014. A comparison of toxicity mechanisms of dust storm particles collected in the southwest of Iran on lung and skin using isolated mitochondria. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. 96(5), 814-830.
12. Araujo J.A., 2011. Particulate air pollution, systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 4(1), 79-93.
13. Esposito S., Tenconi R., Lelii M., Preti V., Nazzari E., Consolo S., Patria M.F., 2014. Possible molecular mechanisms linking air pollution and asthma in children. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 14(1), 31.
14. Leetham M., DeWitt J., Buck B., Goossens D., Teng Y., Pollard J., McLaurin B., Gerads R., Keil D., 2016. Oxidative stress and lung pathology following geogenic dust exposure. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 36(10), 1276-1283.
15. Du Y., Xu X., Chu M., Guo Y., Wang J., 2016. Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence. Journal of Thoracic Disease. 8(1), E8.
16. Mahurpawar M., 2015. Effects of heavy metals on human health. International Journal of Reseacrh-Granthaalayah, ISSN-23500530. pp. 2394-3629.
17. Jaishankar M., Tseten T., Anbalagan N., Mathew B.B., Beeregowda K.N., 2014. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology. 7(2), 60-72.
18. Brasford M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254.
19. Cohen A.C., 1993. Organization of digestion and preliminary characterization of salivary trypsin-like enzymes in a predaceous heteropteran, Zelus renardii. Journal of Insect Physiology. 39(10), 823-829.
20. Sharma B., Singh S., Siddiqi N.J., 2014. Biomedical implications of heavy metals induced imbalances in redox systems. BioMed Research International. 1-27.
21. Verslype C., Taylor & Francis, 2004. Evaluation of abnormal liver-enzyme results in asymptomatic patients. Acta Clin Belg. 59, 285–289.
22. Garen A., Levinthal C., 1960. A fine-structure genetic and chemical study of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase of E. coli I. Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 38, 470-483.
23. Todorović T., Dožić I., Vujanović D., Pejović J., Marjanović M., 2005. The influence of chronic lead poisoning on the activity of some serum enzymes in rats. Acta veterinaria. 55(5-6), 471-482.
24. Singh B., Dhawan D., Nehru B., Garg M., Mangal P., Chand B., Trehan P., 1994. Impact of lead pollution on the status of other trace metals in blood and alterations in hepatic functions. Biological Trace Element Research. 40(1), 21.
25. Stavreva Veselinovska S., 2016. The activities of the aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in the blood serum of rats in conditions of chronic lead poisoning. Seminar of Ecology, Bulgaria. 1-7.
26. Allouche L., Hamadouche M., Touabti A., Khennouf S., 2011. Effect of long-term exposure to low or moderate lead concentrations on growth, lipid profile and liver function in albino rats. Adv Biol Res. 5(6), 339-347.
27. Dey T., Gogoi K., Unni B., Bharadwaz M., Kalita M., Ozah D., Kalita M., Kalita J., Baruah P. K., Bora T., 2015. Role of environmental pollutants in liver physiology: special references to peoples living in the oil drilling sites of Assam. PloS One. 10 (4), e0123370.
28. Zar A., Mansouri A., 2016. Effect of Aloevera with Swimming Training on the Alanine Aminotransferase and Aspartate Aminotransferase Levels of Diabetic Rats. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 11(4), 29-38.
29. Suradkar S., Ghodasara D., Vihol P., Patel J., Jaiswal V., Prajapati K., 2009. Haemato-Biochemical Alterations induced by lead acetate toxicity in Wistar Rats. Veterinary World. 2(11), 429-431.
30. Yousef M.I., 2004. Aluminium-induced changes in hemato-biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities of male rabbits: protective role of ascorbic acid. Toxicology. 199(1), 47-57.
31. Niu R., Sun Z., Cheng Z., Li Z., Wang J., 2009. Decreased learning ability and low hippocampus glutamate in offspring rats exposed to fluoride and lead. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 28(2), 254-258.
32. Goma A., Tohamy H., 2016. Impact of some heavy metals toxicity on behaviour, biochemical and histopathological alterations in adult rats. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 4(9), 494-505.
33. Mohebbi H., Rahmani-Nia F., yar Arabmomeni A., Riasi A., Marandi M., 2015. The effects of interval training and age on blood lactate (La) levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in male Wistar rats. Pars Journal of Medical Sciences. 12(4), 37-45.
34. William B.M., Bongu N.R., Bast M., Bociek R.G., Bierman P.J., Vose J.M., Armitage J.O., 2013. The utility of lactate dehydrogenase in the follow up of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia. 35(3), 189-191.
35. Burgess S.J., Taha H., Yeoman J.A., Iamshanova O., Chan K.X., Boehm M., Behrends V., Bundy J.G., Bialek W., Murray J.W., 2016. Identification of the elusive pyruvate reductase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology. 57(1), 82-94.
36. Sonawane S.M., 2017. Effect of heavy metals on SDH and LDH enzymes activity of Bivalve Lamellidens marginalis. Journal of Pharmacy. 7(7), 32-39.
37. Lo Piparo E., Scheib H., Frei N., Williamson G., Grigorov M., Chou C.J., 2008. Flavonoids for controlling starch digestion: structural requirements for inhibiting human α-amylase. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 51(12), 3555-3561.
38. Mayland H., Doyle J., Sharma R., 1986. Effects of excess dietary selenite on lead toxicity in sheep. Biological Trace Element Research. 10(1), 65-75.
39. Şlencu B., Ciobanu C., Solcan C., Anton A., Ciobanu S., Solcan G., Cuciureanu R., 2014. Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Serum Amylase, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Alkaline Phosphatase Activities in Rats Exposed to Cadmium or Lead. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova. 47(4), 113-121.
40. Gross J.L., De Azevedo M.J., Silveiro S.P., Canani L.H., Caramori M.L., Zelmanovitz T., 2005. Diabetic nephropathy: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Diabetes Care. 28(1), 164-176.
41. Paydar S., Jelodar G. A., Mohammadi N., 2016. The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Nectaroscordum Tripedale on Liver and Kidney Functional Parameters in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Male Rats. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 18 (2), 112-119.
42. Omidi A., Torabi Z., Hassanpoorfard M., Zardast M., 2013. Evaluation of protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Crocus sativus petals on preventing of gentamicin induced peliosis hepatis and hepatic telangiectasis in rats. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 19(4), 455-462.
43. Pollack A.Z., Mumford S.L., Mendola P., Perkins N.J., Rotman Y., Wactawski-Wende J., Schisterman E.F., 2015. Kidney biomarkers associated with blood lead, mercury, and cadmium in premenopausal women: a prospective cohort study. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A. 78(2), 119-131.