The Effect of Carvacrol on IL-1β and Nitric Oxide Levels on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Renal Injury in Male Rats

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Alireza Mortazavi ¹ , Mahmoud Hosseini ² , Farimah Beheshti ³ , Zahra Hakimi ⁴ , Gholam Hassan Vaezi ⁵ , Hossain Mohammad Pour Kargar ⁶

1 - Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
2 - Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran |Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mash had, Iran
3 - Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran |Department of Physiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
4 - Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ghalib University, Herat, Afghanistan |Faculty of Medicine, Ghalib University, Herat, Afghanistan
5 - Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
6 - Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran |Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran

Received: 2021-06-22 Accepted : 2023-05-07 Published : 2024-03-01

Keywords: Inflammation, Carvacrol, kidney, Lipopolysaccharide,

Abstract :

Carvacrol is a phenolic monoterpenoid compound that has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is derived from the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for acute kidney injury. In this research, the protective effect of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury was studied. For this purpose, 40 male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were used. Animals were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: 1) control, 2) LPS group, 3) LPS+carvacrol (25 mg kg-1), 4) LPS+carvacrol (50 mg kg-1) and 5) LPS+carvacrol (100 mg kg-1). To induce acute renal injury, daily 1 mg kg-1 LPS for 2 weeks was injected intraperitoneally. Carvacrol was administered intraperitoneally daily for 30 minutes before LPS injection. LPS-induced kidney injury was evaluated by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and nitric oxide levels in kidney tissue by spectrophotometric methods. The level of the interleukin 1 beta was detected by ELISA in the kidney. Our results showed that LPS injection increased BUN, creatinine, nitric oxide, and IL-1β levels (P <0.001). Pretreatment with carvacrol reduced BUN at 25 mg kg-1 (P <0.001), 50 mg kg-1 (P <0.01), and 100 mg kg-1 (P <0.001) doses, nitric oxide at 25 mg kg-1 (P <0.05), 50 mg kg-1(P <0.01) and 100 mg kg-1(P <0.001) doses, and IL-1β levels (P <0.001) at all doses significantly but did not affect serum creatinine. These results indicate that carvacrol has an anti-inflammatory effect and protects kidneys against LPS by reducing pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and nitric oxide.

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