بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت و ارقام برنج بر آناتومی پدانکل و عملکرد دانه در شرایط اقلیمی خوزستان
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیعبدالعلی گیلانی 1 , عطاءاله سیادت 2 , سامی جلالی 3 , کاوه لیموچی 4
1 - استادیار بخش اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران
2 - استاد دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین، اهواز، ایران
3 - کارشناس برنج، بخش اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران
4 - کارشناس ارشد زراعت، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد دزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران
کلید واژه: برنج, ارقام, پدانکل, تنش گرما,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف تعیین اثرات تنش گرما در تاریخ های مختلف کاشت بر آناتومی پدانکل ارقام برنج و میزان عملکرد دانه در استان خوزستان طراحی و اجرا گردید. این آزمایش با دو عامل تاریخ کاشت و رقم به صورت کرت‌های یک بار خرد شده، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال (1385 و 1386) در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان (شاوور) اجرا شد. سه تاریخ کاشت (2/15، 3/5 و 3/25) در کرت‌های اصلی و 5 رقم برنج شامل ارقام هویزه و حمر (متحمل به گرما) عنبوری قرمز و چمپا (حساس به گرما)، رقم پرمحصول دانیال (نیمه متحمل به گرما) در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه مرکب نشان داد که اثر متقابل بین رقم و تاریخ کاشت در صفاتی نظیر سطح کانال هوایی، سطح دستجات آوندی بزرگ، چوب و آبکش معنی دار بود. به عبارتی، ارقام بسته به شرایط حرارتی واکنش متفاوتی داشتند. کمترین و بیشترین اندازه سطح کانال های هوایی را تاریخ‌های کاشت اول و دوم به ترتیب با میانگین 15924/37 و 21144/38 میکرومتر مربع، همچنین در ارقام هویزه و چمپا به ترتیب با میانگین 15492/23 و 23411/18 میکرومتر مربع دارا بودند. کمترین و بیشترین سطح آوند چوب مربوط به تاریخ های کاشت سوم و اول به ترتیب با میانگین 741/37 و 898/03 میکرومتر مربع و کمترین و بیشترین سطح دستجات آوندی بزرگ، به ترتیب با میانگین 15514/20 و 15983/93 میکرومتر مربع، و آبکش، به ترتیب با میانگین 3121/77 و 3437/55 میکرومتر مربع به تاریخ کاشت های دوم و سوم اختصاص یافتند. بر این اساس، می توان کاهش سطح دستجات آوندی بزرگ و آبکش در دو تاریخ کاشت اول و دوم را نوعی سازوکار برای حفظ آب و فشار آماس سلول ها دانست. همچنین، افزایش سطح آوند چوب نیز می تواند جهت انتقال بیشتر حجم آب با توجه به نیاز گیاه در شرایط تنش باشد.
This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of heat stress, due to different planting dates, on the peduncle anatomy of rice cultivars and their grain yields. It was performed in a split-plot experiment using randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the Shavoor Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khuzestan. Three planting dates (May 5th. with 20 days intervals), to expose rice cultivars to different tempratures, were assigned to main plots and cultivars (Hoveizeh, Hamar, heat tolerant, Ghermez Anbori, Champa, heat sensitive, and Danial, relatively heat tolerant) to sub-plots. The results of combined analysis showed that the effects of planting date× variety interactions were significant for all of traits, including air channel surface, large vascular bundles surface, xylem and phloem. This indicates that cultivars reacted differently to planting dates. Lowest and highest airchannels surface levels were related to 1st and 2nd planting dates (15492.23 and 21144.38 µm2) and to Hoveizeh and Champa cultivars (15492.23 and 23411.18 µm2) respectively. Lowest and highest xylem surface obtained in 3rd and 1st planting dates (741.37 and 898.03 µm2) respectively. But, lowest and highest level of large vascular bundles were optained in 2nd and 3rd planting dates (15514.20 and 15983.93 µm2)and for phloem (3121.68 and 3437.55 µm2)respectively. Based on these results it can be said that the reduction of large vascular bundles surface and phloem in 1st and 2nd planting date are mechanisms of water conservation and maintaining cell turgor pressure. Increasing xylem vascular bundle surface also, would facilitate availability of water to plant under drought stress conditions.
Akani, H., and H. Forther. 1994. The genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) in Flora Iranica. Sendtnera. 2:187-276.
Ali, Ke-h., Feng-ying, L., L. Yang, W.B. Wang, and W. Yu-yang. 1989. Studies on the naphtoquinone constituents of Onosma confertum W. Smith and quantitative determination of shikonin. Acta Botanica Sinica. 31(7):549-553.
Ali, M.Y., and M.M. Rahman. 1992. Effect of seedling age and transplanting time on late planted Aman rice. Bangladesh Journal of Training and Development. 5: 75-83.
Amiri, M., and H. Farajee. 2009. Effect of establishment of nursery under plastic cover on yield of some rice cultivars in Lordegan region, Chahar-Mahal Bakhtiari province. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 2 (2): 145-152. (In Persian).
Anon, S., J.A. Fernadez, A. Torrecillas, J.J. Alaroon, and M.J. Sanchez – Bloanco. 2004. Effects of water stress and night temperature precondition on water relations and morphological and anatomical changes of lotus creticus plants. Journal of Horticulture Science.101: 333-342.
Carlquist, S. 1961. Comparative plant anatomy. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. pp. 146.
Cutter, E.G. 1971. Plant anatomy, experiment and interpretation, Part II, Organs. Edward Amold Pub. LTD, London. pp. 343.
· Dawood, M.G. 2016. Influence of osmoregulators on plant tolerance to water stress. Scientia Agriculturae. 13(1): 42-58.
Emam, Y. 2007. Cereals crop production. 1th Edition. University of Shiraz Press. (In Persian).
Emam, Y., and M. Niknajat. 1994. Preface on plant agricultural yield physiology. Shiraz, University Press. pp. 516.
Faraji, F., M. Esfahani, M.R. Alizadeh, and A. Aalami. 2014. Evaluation of morphological characteristics related to lodging in selected local and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 16(3): 250-264. (In Persian).
Farrell, T.C., K.M. Fox, R.I. Williams, S. Fukai, and L.G. Lewin. 2004. How to improve reproductive cold tolerance of rice in Australia. International Rice Cold Tolerance Workshop CSIRO Discovery, Canberra. 22-23 July.
· Ghosh, B, and N. Chakma. 2015. Impacts of rice intensification system on two C.D. blocks of Barddhaman district. West Bengal. Current Science. 109(2): 342-346.
Han, X.B., R.Q. Li, and J.B. wang. 1997. Celluar structural comparison between different themo resistant cultivars of Raphanus sativus l. under heat strass Jwuhan. Journal of the Botanical Research. 15: 173-178.
Heywood, V.H. 1985. Flowering plants of the word. Oxford University Press. pp. 335.
HoshiKawa, K. 1975. Growth, of the rice plant. Nosan-gyson. Bunka-Kyokai, Tokyo. P. 317.
IRRI. 1990. Annual report. 2002. Los Banos, philippines. pp. 181.
Limouchi, K., S.A. Siadat, and A. Gilani. 2013. Effect of planting time on flag leaf anatomy and grain yield of rice genotypes in Khuzestan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 15(2): 136-151. (In Persian).
Mahdavi, F., M.A. Esmaeili, A. Fallah, and H. Pirdashti. 2006. Study of morphological characteristics, physiological indices, grain yield and its components in rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces and improved cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 7(4): 280-297. (In Pearsian).
Maroco, J.P., J.S. Pereira, and M.M. Chaves. 1997. Stomatal responses of leaf –to-airvapocr pressure deficit in sahelian species. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 24(136): 381- 387.
Maurice, S.B-Ku. 2000. Metabolically modifeid rice exhibits superior photosynthesis and yield. ISB New Report htt p://www. Bjotech- info. Net- metabolo cally. Html.
Metcalf, C., and R. Chalk. 1950. Anatomy of the dicoty ledones, Vol 3. Clarenden Press, Oxford. pp. 724.
Modarresi, M., V. Mohammadi, A. Zali, and M. Mardi. 2010. Response of wheat yield and yield related traits to high temperature. Cereal Research Communications. 38: 23–31.
Mostajeran, A, and V. Rhimi-Eichi. 2008. Drought stress effect on root anatomical characteristics of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Science. 11(18): 2173-2183.
· Park, G.H., J.H. Kim, and K.M. Kim. 2014. QTL analysis of yield components in rice using a cheongcheong/nagdong doubled haploid genetic map. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 5: 1174-1180.
Pazoki, A., M. Karimi, and A. Fooladi. 2010. Effect of planting dates on the yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) ecotypes in Natanz. Journal of Crop Physiology. 2: 3 -12. (In Persian).
Pecetti, L., P. Annicchiarico, and G. Kashour. 1993. Flag leaf variation in Mediterranean durum wheat landraces and its relationship to frost and drought tolerance and yield response in moderately favourable conditions. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter. 93: 25-28.
Rudall, P. 1994. Anatomy and systematic of Iridaceae. Bot. J.Linn. Soc. 114(1): 1-21.
Salahshour Dalivand, F., A.A. Sadradini, A.H. Nazemi, N. Davatgar, and M.R. Neyshabouri. 2014. Simulation of simultaneous effect of salinity and drought stresses on grain yield of rice cv. Hashemi. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 15(4): 320-336. (In Persian).
· Zheng, G.L., L.I. Yun, C. Shun- tang, Z. Hua, and L. Guo- hua. 2009. Effects of high temperature stress on microscopic and ultrastratural charaeteris tics of mesophyll cells in flag leaves of rice. Rice Science. 16:65-71.
Zheng, X.L., and R.R. Dong. 1998. The study on rice’s reaction to heat shock: II. High temperature’s effect on Hill reaction and ultrastructure of chloroplast in late rice’s seedling leaves. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University. 24: 351–354.
_||_Akani, H., and H. Forther. 1994. The genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) in Flora Iranica. Sendtnera. 2:187-276.
Ali, Ke-h., Feng-ying, L., L. Yang, W.B. Wang, and W. Yu-yang. 1989. Studies on the naphtoquinone constituents of Onosma confertum W. Smith and quantitative determination of shikonin. Acta Botanica Sinica. 31(7):549-553.
Ali, M.Y., and M.M. Rahman. 1992. Effect of seedling age and transplanting time on late planted Aman rice. Bangladesh Journal of Training and Development. 5: 75-83.
Amiri, M., and H. Farajee. 2009. Effect of establishment of nursery under plastic cover on yield of some rice cultivars in Lordegan region, Chahar-Mahal Bakhtiari province. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 2 (2): 145-152. (In Persian).
Anon, S., J.A. Fernadez, A. Torrecillas, J.J. Alaroon, and M.J. Sanchez – Bloanco. 2004. Effects of water stress and night temperature precondition on water relations and morphological and anatomical changes of lotus creticus plants. Journal of Horticulture Science.101: 333-342.
Carlquist, S. 1961. Comparative plant anatomy. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. pp. 146.
Cutter, E.G. 1971. Plant anatomy, experiment and interpretation, Part II, Organs. Edward Amold Pub. LTD, London. pp. 343.
· Dawood, M.G. 2016. Influence of osmoregulators on plant tolerance to water stress. Scientia Agriculturae. 13(1): 42-58.
Emam, Y. 2007. Cereals crop production. 1th Edition. University of Shiraz Press. (In Persian).
Emam, Y., and M. Niknajat. 1994. Preface on plant agricultural yield physiology. Shiraz, University Press. pp. 516.
Faraji, F., M. Esfahani, M.R. Alizadeh, and A. Aalami. 2014. Evaluation of morphological characteristics related to lodging in selected local and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 16(3): 250-264. (In Persian).
Farrell, T.C., K.M. Fox, R.I. Williams, S. Fukai, and L.G. Lewin. 2004. How to improve reproductive cold tolerance of rice in Australia. International Rice Cold Tolerance Workshop CSIRO Discovery, Canberra. 22-23 July.
· Ghosh, B, and N. Chakma. 2015. Impacts of rice intensification system on two C.D. blocks of Barddhaman district. West Bengal. Current Science. 109(2): 342-346.
Han, X.B., R.Q. Li, and J.B. wang. 1997. Celluar structural comparison between different themo resistant cultivars of Raphanus sativus l. under heat strass Jwuhan. Journal of the Botanical Research. 15: 173-178.
Heywood, V.H. 1985. Flowering plants of the word. Oxford University Press. pp. 335.
HoshiKawa, K. 1975. Growth, of the rice plant. Nosan-gyson. Bunka-Kyokai, Tokyo. P. 317.
IRRI. 1990. Annual report. 2002. Los Banos, philippines. pp. 181.
Limouchi, K., S.A. Siadat, and A. Gilani. 2013. Effect of planting time on flag leaf anatomy and grain yield of rice genotypes in Khuzestan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 15(2): 136-151. (In Persian).
Mahdavi, F., M.A. Esmaeili, A. Fallah, and H. Pirdashti. 2006. Study of morphological characteristics, physiological indices, grain yield and its components in rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces and improved cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 7(4): 280-297. (In Pearsian).
Maroco, J.P., J.S. Pereira, and M.M. Chaves. 1997. Stomatal responses of leaf –to-airvapocr pressure deficit in sahelian species. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 24(136): 381- 387.
Maurice, S.B-Ku. 2000. Metabolically modifeid rice exhibits superior photosynthesis and yield. ISB New Report htt p://www. Bjotech- info. Net- metabolo cally. Html.
Metcalf, C., and R. Chalk. 1950. Anatomy of the dicoty ledones, Vol 3. Clarenden Press, Oxford. pp. 724.
Modarresi, M., V. Mohammadi, A. Zali, and M. Mardi. 2010. Response of wheat yield and yield related traits to high temperature. Cereal Research Communications. 38: 23–31.
Mostajeran, A, and V. Rhimi-Eichi. 2008. Drought stress effect on root anatomical characteristics of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Science. 11(18): 2173-2183.
· Park, G.H., J.H. Kim, and K.M. Kim. 2014. QTL analysis of yield components in rice using a cheongcheong/nagdong doubled haploid genetic map. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 5: 1174-1180.
Pazoki, A., M. Karimi, and A. Fooladi. 2010. Effect of planting dates on the yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) ecotypes in Natanz. Journal of Crop Physiology. 2: 3 -12. (In Persian).
Pecetti, L., P. Annicchiarico, and G. Kashour. 1993. Flag leaf variation in Mediterranean durum wheat landraces and its relationship to frost and drought tolerance and yield response in moderately favourable conditions. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter. 93: 25-28.
Rudall, P. 1994. Anatomy and systematic of Iridaceae. Bot. J.Linn. Soc. 114(1): 1-21.
Salahshour Dalivand, F., A.A. Sadradini, A.H. Nazemi, N. Davatgar, and M.R. Neyshabouri. 2014. Simulation of simultaneous effect of salinity and drought stresses on grain yield of rice cv. Hashemi. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 15(4): 320-336. (In Persian).
· Zheng, G.L., L.I. Yun, C. Shun- tang, Z. Hua, and L. Guo- hua. 2009. Effects of high temperature stress on microscopic and ultrastratural charaeteris tics of mesophyll cells in flag leaves of rice. Rice Science. 16:65-71.
Zheng, X.L., and R.R. Dong. 1998. The study on rice’s reaction to heat shock: II. High temperature’s effect on Hill reaction and ultrastructure of chloroplast in late rice’s seedling leaves. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University. 24: 351–354.