نقش کاربرد براسینواسترویید بر تحمل به تنش کم آبی سرخارگل (.Echinacea purpurea L)

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مطلب حسین پور ¹ , علی عبادی ² , اسماعیل نبی زاده ³ , حسن حبیبی ⁴ , سدابه جهانبخش گده کهریز ⁵

1 - دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
2 - استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
5 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/09/13 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/05/22 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/10/01

کلید واژه: رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی, عملکرد اسانس, عملکرد اقتصادی, کارتنوئیدها,

چکیده مقاله :

خشکی می تواند اثر شدیدی بر رشد گیاهان داشته باشد. به منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد براسینواسترویید در تحمل به تنش کم آبی سرخارگل آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت های دو بار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و در شهرستان مهاباد اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل رژیم آبیاری به عنوان فاکتور اصلی در سه سطح (آبیاری پس از 70، 120 و 170 میلی متر تبخیر از تشتک کلاس A)، کاربرد سورفکتانت (در دو سطح بدون و با غلظت نیم لیتر در هکتار) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی و محلول پاشی 24-اپی براسینواسترویید (در سه سطح شاهد (صفر)، 8-10 و 7-10 مولار) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی بودند. در این پژوهش صفات رنگدانه های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل)، رنگدانه های کمکی (کارتنوئیدها، آنتوسیانین ها، فلانوئیدها و ترکیبات فنلی)، شاخص سبزینگی، هدایت روزنه ای، میزان مالون دی آلدهید، عملکرد اقتصادی (عملکرد ساقه، برگ و گل)، درصد اسانس و عملکرد اسانس اندازه گیری شدند. براسینواسترویید موجب کاهش اثرات مخرب تنش بر میزان کلروفیل a شد. تنش آبی میزان کلروفیل a را 28 درصد کاهش داد. با کاربرد براسینواسترویید (7-10 مولار) میزان تغییرات کلروفیل 35 درصد افزایش داشت. تنش آبی شاخص سبزینگی را 25 درصد کاهش داد. با کاربرد براسینواسترویید (7-10 مولار) شاخص سبزینگی 8 درصد افزایش یافت. کاربرد براسینواسترویید (7-10 مولار) موجب افزایش میزان کارتنوئیدها، آنتوسیانین ها و فلانوئیدها به ترتیب 17، 59 و 50 درصد شد. استفاده از غلظت 7-10 مولار براسینواسترویید در شرایط تنش باعث افزایش 13 درصدی در هدایت روزنه‌ای در مقایسه با عدم استفاده از آن گردید. نتایج رگرسیونی پیش بینی عملکرد نشان داد، هدایت روزنه ای، میزان مالون دی آلدهید و میزان کلروفیل a نقش مهمی در پیش بینی عملکرد دارند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تنش کم‌آبی سهم تعیین‌کننده‌ای بر کاهش فاکتورهای اساسی در رشد سرخارگل دارد؛ اما کاربرد براسینواسترویید و محلول سورفکتانت تحمل به تنش کم‌آبی را در این گیاه دارویی افزایش داد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Drought can have a dramatic effect on plant growth. To evaluate the effect of brassinosteroied on drought stress tolerance of coneflower a split split plot experiement based on randomized complete blook design was conducted in Mahabad. The factors were irrigation regime as the main factor, with three levels (irrigation after 70, 120 and 170 mm evaporation from pan class A), the use of surfactants with two levels (without and with half a liter per hectare) and spraying 24 – Epi- brassinosteroied with three levels (control, 10-8 and 10-7 M). In this study traits like photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll), auxiliary pigments (carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds), SPAD index, stomatal conductance, MDA, economic performance (stem, leaf and flower yields), essential oil percent and essential oil yield were measured. The results indicated that interaction of irrigation regime by brassinosteroied application reduced the adverse effects of water stress on chlorophyll a by 28 percent. It was also revealed that the use of brassinosteroied (10-7 M) increased the variation of chlorophyll a by 35 percent and water stress reduced SPAD index by 25%. Use of brassinosteroied (10-7 M) increased SPAD index by 8%. Application of brassinosteroied (10-7 M) increased levels of carotenoids, anthocyanins and flavonoids by 17, 59 and 50 percent, respectively. Use of 10-7 M concentration of brassinosteroied under stress, also interested in stomatal conductance by 13 percent, as compared to that of not its using. The results of prediction function regression showed that stomatal conductance, amount of MDA and chlorophyll a, played significant roles in yield prediction. The results of water stress also, showed a determining role in reducing major growth factors of Echinacea purpurea. But the use of brassinosteroied along with surfactant solution increased its drought tolerance.

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· Ahmadi Mosavi, E., KH. Kalantari, and M. Torkzade. 2005. Effects of 24-epibrassinolide on lipid peroxidation, prolin, sugar and photosynthesis pigments content of canola (Brassica napus L.) under water stress. Physiology. 18: 295-306. (In Persian).
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· Arnon, A.N. 1967. Method of extraction of chloroophll in the plants. Agronomy Journal. 23: 112-121.
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· Azizi, M., F. Rezwanee, M. Hassanzadeh Khayat, A. Lackzian, and H. Neamati. 2009. The effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation on morphological properties and essential oil content of german chamomile (Matricaria recutita) C.V. Goral. Iranian Jouranal of Meadicial and Aromatic Plant. 24(1): 82-93. (In Persian).
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· Fu, J., and B. Huang. 2001. Involvement of antioxidant and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two cool-season grasses to localized drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 45: 105-114.
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