تأثیر کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا و باکتری های حل کننده فسفات بر عملکرد ذرت (Zea mays L.) سینگل کراس 704 تحت رژیم های آبیاری

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

خوشناز پاینده ¹ , مانی مجدم ² , نازلی دروگر ³

1 - استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
3 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/04/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/06/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/09/20

کلید واژه: عملکرد دانه, شاخص سطح برگ, میکوریزا, کود زیستی فسفر,

چکیده مقاله :

امروزه کاربرد قارچ های میکوریزی به منظور بهبود شرایط تغذیه ای گیاه و افزایش مقاومت آن در برابر تنش های محیطی از جمله کمبود آب قابل دسترس به طور گسترده ای در کشورهای در حال توسعه مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این تحقیق بر اساس آزمایش کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 97 در منطقه حمیدیه اجرا گردید. تیمار رژیم های آبیاری در سه سطح (60، 90 و 120 میلی متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) در کرت های اصلی و اثر توأم قارچ میکوریزا و باکتری های حل کننده فسفات در چهار سطح (عدم کاربرد میکوریزا و باکتری های حل کننده فسفات (شاهد)، کاربرد میکوریزا، کاربرد توأم میکوریزا و باکتری های حل کننده فسفات و کاربرد باکتری های حل کننده فسفات) در کرت های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر رژیم های آبیاری و اثر توأم قارچ میکوریزا و کود زیستی فسفر بر شاخص سطح برگ، درصد همزیستی، تعداد دانه در ردیف بلال، تعداد دانه در بلال، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه معنی دار بودند. مقایسه میانگین ها نشان داد که تیمار توأم قارچ میکوریزا و باکتری های حل کننده فسفات حداکثر تعداد دانه در بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف بلال، وزن هزار دانه و شاخص سطح برگ را به خود اختصاص داد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (با میانگین 55/6400 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار 60 میلی متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر و کاربرد توأم میکوریزا و باکتری های حل کننده فسفات و کمترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار 120 میلی متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر و عدم کاربرد میکوریزا و باکتری های حل کننده فسفات به دست آمدند. در مجموع، جهت دست یابی به حداکثر عملکرد کمّی، کشت گیاه ذرت با کاربرد اثر توأم میکوریزا و باکتری های حل کننده فسفات در شرایط رطوبتی مناسب می تواند در شرایط منطقه تحت آزمایش مورد توجه باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Application of mycorrhizal fungi may improve the nutritional status of the plant and increase its resistance to environmental stresses, such as deficiencies water. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Hamidieh region of Ahvaz in 2018. Treatments consisted of irrigation regimes with three levels (60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A pan evaporation) assigned to main plots and combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphate stabilizing bacteriawith four levels (non application, mycorrhiza, mycorrhiza and phosphate stabilizing bacteria and Phosphate solublizing bacteria) to sub plots. The results showed that the effects of irrigation regimes and combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on leaf area index, symbiosis percent, seed number of seeds per row of corn ear, number of seeds per ear, 1000 seed weight and seed yield were significant. Mean comparisons showed that combined treatment of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria resulted in the maximum number of seeds per ear, number of seeds per row, 1000 seed weight and leaf area index. The highest seed yield (6400.55 kg.ha-1) was obtained from 60 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan and the combined application of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria and lowest from 120 mm evaporation and without application of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. It can be concluded that combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria can be considered promising in growing maize for seed at this experimental region.

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