تأثیر محلول‌پاشی منیزیم و پتاسیم بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی ذرت (Zea mays L.) تحت تنش کمبود آب

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

آرمان ستوده ¹ , طیب ساکی نژاد ² , علیرضا شکوه فر ³ , شهرام لک ⁴ , مانی مجدم ⁵

1 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
5 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/08/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/08/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/01

کلید واژه: ذرت, تنش کمبود آب, منیزیم, عملکرد دانه محلول‌پاشی,

چکیده مقاله :

تنش کمبود آب به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین عوامل محدود کننده رشد و عملکرد گیاهان می باشد که در سال های اخیر کاربرد روش های مختلف جهت کاهش اثرات منفی آن مورد توجه بسیاری از محققان قرار گرفته است. این آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو سال زراعی انجام شد. تأثیر محلول پاشی منیزیم و پتاسیم بر ویژگی های مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی ذرت (رقم سینگل کراس 704) در دورهای مختلف آبیاری (50، 75 و 100 میلی متر تبخیر از تشت کلاس A) موردارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس حاکی از آن بود که اثر متقابل آبیاری و ترکیب منیزیم و پتاسیم بر ویژگی های ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، طول بلال، تعداد دانه در بلال، میزان جذب پتاسیم، میزان جذب منیزیم، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئید، پرولین، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت تاثیر معنی دار آماری داشت. نتایج بررسی مقایسه میانگین اثر ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و منیزیم ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات مورفولوژیکی و ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ تحمل ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ذرت (رقم سینگل کراس 704) نشان داد که ﻣﺼﺮف این عناصر باعث اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ معنی دار صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، طول بلال، تعداد دانه در بلال، میزان جذب پتاسیم، میزان جذب منیزیم، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئید، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ کمبود آب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ؛ به گونه ای که بیشترین مقدار این صفات در شرایط تبخیر 50 میلی متر از تشت تبخیر و کاربرد 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات منیزیم و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم بود. محلول پاشی غلظت های مختلف ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎتﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت منیزیم از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﺬب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و منیزیم، ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺑﺮگ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮ و همچنین اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ در ﺑﺮگ ﮔﯿﺎه، اثرات منفی کمبود آب را تعدیل و تحمل ذرت به شرایط کمبود آب را بهبود بخشید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Drought stress is one of the most important factors that limiting the growth and yield of plants. In recent years the use of various methods to reduce its negative effects has been considered by many researchers. This experiment was performed as a split plot in the form of randomized complete blocks with four replications in two years. The effect of foliar application of different ratios of magnesium and potassium on the morphological, biochemical and functional characteristics of maize (single cross cultivar 704) in different irrigation cycles (50, 75 and 100 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) was evaluated. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of irrigation and magnesium to potassium ratio on the characteristics of height, stem diameter, ear length, number of seeds per ear, potassium uptake, magnesium uptake, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, Carotenoids, proline, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index had a statistically significant effect. The results of the study of the effect of potassium and magnesium on morphological and biochemical changes in drought tolerance in maize (Single Cross 704 cultivar) showed that consumption of these elements significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, ear length, number of seeds per ear, uptake rate Potassium, magnesium uptake, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index in water deficit conditions; So that the highest value of these traits in evapotranspiration conditions was 50 mm from the evapotranspiration pan and application of 200 kg of magnesium sulfate/ 300 kg of potassium sulfate. Also, foliar application of different concentrations of potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate by increasing the uptake of potassium and magnesium, preserving leaf chlorophyll, resulting in more effective photosynthesis as well as increasing the concentration of proline in plant leaves, moderate the negative effects of water deficiency and corn tolerance to conditions. Improve water shortage.

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