ارزیابی تنوع‌گونه‌ای و شاخص‌های جمعیتی علف‌های‌هرز مزارع دیم نخود (Cicer arientinum L.) در استان کرمانشاه
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
ایرج نصرتی
1
,
عادل دباغ محمدی نسب
2
,
روح اله امینی
3
,
محمدرضا شکیبا
4
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علفهای هرز
2 - استاد گروه اکوفیزیولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه اکوفیزیولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
4 - استاد گروه اکوفیزیولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/02/29
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/04
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/03/01
کلید واژه:
فراوانی,
یکنواختی,
شاخص غالبیت,
شاخص اهمیت خانوادگی,
نخود پاییزه,
چکیده مقاله :
شناسایی علفهای هرز به عنوان اساسی‌ترین اقدام در مدیریت علفهای هرز مزارع محسوب می‌شود. با اطلاع از وجود علفهای هرز خاص در یک منطقه می‌توان در مورد روش‌های کنترل آنها تصمیم گرفت. به منظور ارزیابی تنوع گونه ای و شاخص های جمعیتی علفهای هرز مزارع دیم نخود پاییزه تعداد 30 مزرعه در چهار شهرستان استان کرمانشاه در سال 1394 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. عملیات نمونه‌برداری بر اساس روش W در بیست نقطه هر مزرعه صورت گرفت. در هر کادر، کلیه ی علفهای هرز شناسایی و به تفکیک جنس و گونه شمارش گردیدند. با استفاده از معادلات موجود تراکم، فراوانی، یکنواختی، شاخص غالبیت، تنوع نسبی و تراکم نسبی هرگونه محاسبه شدند. تعداد 44 گونه علف هرز متعلق به 22 تیره مختلف گیاهی شناسایی گردیدند که تیره های کاسنی (Asteraceae) با 18 درصد، لگومینوز (Fabaceae) با 13 درصد، شب بو (Brassicaceae) با 11 درصد و گرامینه (Poaceae) با 9 درصد بیشترین تعداد گونه علف هرز را به خود اختصاص دادند. از این تعداد، حدود 89 درصد آنها را علفهای هرز دولپه‌ای و 11 درصد آنها را تک‌لپه‌ای‌ها تشکیل می‌دهند. پهن برگ های مزارع دیم نخـود پاییزه در شهرستان روانسر به ترتیب غالبیت شامل کاسنی (L. Cichorium intybus)، پیچک صحرایی (L. Convolvulus arvensis)، جغجغک (Fish.exDc.jaub.&Spach Vaccaria pyramidata) و بی تیراخ (Dandy Galium tricornatum) بودند. در شهرستان کرمانشاه علف های هرز پیچک صحرایی، کاسنی، بی تیراخ) و شنگ (Tragopogon major DC.) و در شهرستان دالاهو، کاسنی، بی تیراخ، جغجغک و شیرین بیان (Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. glabra) به ترتیب دارای غالبیت بودند. در شهرستان اسلام آباد غرب این گونه ها شامل، کاسنی، پیچک صحرایی، خردل وحشی (L. Sinapis arvensis) و شنگ می باشند. بیش ترین میزان غالبیت درشهرستان های روانسر، کاسنی (94/149)، کرمانشاه، پیچک صحرایی (48/92)، دالاهو، کاسنی (24/145) و اسلام آباد غرب، کاسنی (8/116) مشاهده شد. در مجموع نتایج نشان می دهد که گونه های علف های هرز پهن برگ و باریک برگ در مزارع دیم نخود را می توان با یک برنامه جامع مدیریتی کنترل نمود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Weed identification is considered the most fundamental task in weed management. It would be possible to decide on specific methods of weed control through availability of weed information in a particular location, otherwise applying different methods of control will not show satisfactory effects. To evaluate the species diversity and population indices of weeds in dry-land winter chickpea fields at four counties of Kermanshah province, 30 fields were investigated in 2015. The sampling was done based on W method at twenty points in each field. All weed species in each quadrate were identified and counted on the basis of genus and species. The indices of density, frequency, uniformity, abundance index, and relative diversity for each species were calculated and 44 weed species belonging to 22 different families were identified: 18% of families belonged to Asteraceae, 13% to Fabaceae, 11% to Brassicaceae, and 9% to Poaceae of all the weeds identified 89 percent of belonged to dicotyledons and 11 percent to monocotyledon. The broad leaf weeds of winter dry-land chickpea of Ravansar county based on dominance were common chicory (Cichorium intybus), european bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), cow cockle (Vaccaria pyramidata) and stichy willie (Galium tricornatum), respectively. In Kermanshah county the european bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), common chicory (Cichorium intybus), stichy willie (Galium tricornatum) and yellow goatsbeard (Tragopogon major), were the dominant weeds, respectively. Also, at Dalahoo county the common chicory (Cichorium intybus), stichy willie (Galium tricornatum), cow cockle (Vaccaria pyramidata) and wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), were dominant weeds, respectively. In west Islamabad county the dominance was related to common chicory (Cichorium intybus), European bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and yellow goatsbeard (Tragopogon major), respectively.
منابع و مأخذ:
Ahmadi, A., and K. Mousavi. 2008. Identify flora and determine the revalence of weed species on farms peas city of Khorramabad. The Final Report Approved Projects Lorestan University. 2: 25-36. (In Persian).
Ahmadi, A., M.H. Rashed Mohasel, H.R. Khazaii, A. Ghanbari, R. Ghorbani, and S.K. Mousavi. 2013. Study the flora of weeds lentils city of Khorramabad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 11: 45-53. (In Persian).
Alimoradi, L., G. Azizi, L. Tabrizi, and M. Nassiri Mahallati. 2008. Investigation of weed community diversity in barely and alfalfa in Iran. National Weed Science Congress. 2: 460-467. (In Persian).
Anonymous, 2015. Agricultural statistics. 2014-2015 crop year. Agricultural Jahad Organization of Kermanshah. 18: 158-166.
Arun Kumar, S., B. Malay, S. Biswanath, and V. Arunachalam. 2007. Weed floristic composition in palm gardens in plains of Eastern Himalayan region if West Bengal.Current Science. 92: 10-25.
Chale Chale, Y., M. Minbashi, and A.H. Shiranirad. 2014. Weed mapping in chickpea fields and agricultural lands predict their presence in Kermanshah province using the system (GIS). Journal of Weed Ecology. 2: 95-111. (In Persian).
Haghparast, R., and N. Moradi. 2013. The importance of peas production and trade. According to the National Council of Peas. 1: 5-8. (In Persian).
Jafarzadeh, N., and M. Minbashi. 2014. Community structure and weed mapping of irrigated wheat fields in West Azarbijan Province. Journal of Weed Ecology. 2: 55-70. (In Persian).
Lair, K., and E.F. Redente. 2004. Influence of auxin and sulfonylurea herbicides on seeded native communities. Journal of Range Management. 57: 211-218.
Lak, M.R., M. Minbashi Moeini, and M. Hatamabadi Farahani. 2011. Investigation on using of GIS for weed mapping of drylsnd wheat field in Markazi province. Plant Protection Journal. 3(3): 259-273. (In Persian).
Majnon Hosseini, N. 2004. Food legumes in Iran. Jahad Tehran University Press. PP: 180. (In Persian).
Mansourian, S., E. Ezadi, M.H. Rashed Mohasel, H. Kanoni, and S.M. Naghshbandi. 2014. Weed mapping of chickpea fields in Kurdistan province using geographic information system. The 5th Iranian Pulse Crops Conference. 26 Feb. Karaj. Iran. (In Persian).
Mc Cully, K.V., M.G. Sampson, and A.K. Watson. 1991. Weed survey of Nova Scotia Liwbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields. Weed Science. 39: 180-185.
Menalled, F.D., K.L. Gross, and M. Hammond. 2001. Weed aboveground and seedbank community responses to agricultural management systems. Ecological Application. 11: 1586-1601.
Minbashi, M., M.A. Baghestanii, and H. Rahimian. 2008. Introducing abundance index for assessing weed flora in survey studies. Weed Biology and Management. 8: 172-180. (In Persian).
Parsa, M., and A.R. Bagheri. 2009. Beans. Jahad Mashhad University Press. PP: 522 (In Persian).
Poggio, S.L., E.H. Satorre, and E.B. Delafuente. 2004. Structure of weed communities occurring in pea and wheat crops in the Rollin Pampa Argentina. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. 103: 225-235.
Porheidar Ghafarbi, S., and S. Hassannejad. 2013. Identification and survey of weeds community indices in alfalfa fields of Shabestar. Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science. 23: 71-87. (In Persian).
Sabeti, P., M. Minbashi Moeini, and M. Rivand. 2013. Assess the damage weeds corn fields. The Fifth Scientific Conference Weed. University of Tehran- Karaj. 2-4 September 2013. (In Persian).
Thomas, A.G. 1985. Weed survey system used in Saskatchwan for cereal and oilseed crops. Weed Science. 33: 34-43.
Veisi, M., M. Minbashi, P. Sabeti, and A. Mohammadi. 2013. Study on community structure and species diversity of dryland wheat fields and weed mapping of Kermanshah. Journal of Weed Ecology. 1: 55-68. (In Persian).
Zand, E., H. Rahimian, A.R. Koocheki, J. Khalaghani, S.K. Moosavi, and K. Ramezani. 2004. Weed ecology (Translation). Jahad Daneshgahi of Mashhad Press. PP: 558. (In Persian).
_||_
Ahmadi, A., and K. Mousavi. 2008. Identify flora and determine the revalence of weed species on farms peas city of Khorramabad. The Final Report Approved Projects Lorestan University. 2: 25-36. (In Persian).
Ahmadi, A., M.H. Rashed Mohasel, H.R. Khazaii, A. Ghanbari, R. Ghorbani, and S.K. Mousavi. 2013. Study the flora of weeds lentils city of Khorramabad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 11: 45-53. (In Persian).
Alimoradi, L., G. Azizi, L. Tabrizi, and M. Nassiri Mahallati. 2008. Investigation of weed community diversity in barely and alfalfa in Iran. National Weed Science Congress. 2: 460-467. (In Persian).
Anonymous, 2015. Agricultural statistics. 2014-2015 crop year. Agricultural Jahad Organization of Kermanshah. 18: 158-166.
Arun Kumar, S., B. Malay, S. Biswanath, and V. Arunachalam. 2007. Weed floristic composition in palm gardens in plains of Eastern Himalayan region if West Bengal.Current Science. 92: 10-25.
Chale Chale, Y., M. Minbashi, and A.H. Shiranirad. 2014. Weed mapping in chickpea fields and agricultural lands predict their presence in Kermanshah province using the system (GIS). Journal of Weed Ecology. 2: 95-111. (In Persian).
Haghparast, R., and N. Moradi. 2013. The importance of peas production and trade. According to the National Council of Peas. 1: 5-8. (In Persian).
Jafarzadeh, N., and M. Minbashi. 2014. Community structure and weed mapping of irrigated wheat fields in West Azarbijan Province. Journal of Weed Ecology. 2: 55-70. (In Persian).
Lair, K., and E.F. Redente. 2004. Influence of auxin and sulfonylurea herbicides on seeded native communities. Journal of Range Management. 57: 211-218.
Lak, M.R., M. Minbashi Moeini, and M. Hatamabadi Farahani. 2011. Investigation on using of GIS for weed mapping of drylsnd wheat field in Markazi province. Plant Protection Journal. 3(3): 259-273. (In Persian).
Majnon Hosseini, N. 2004. Food legumes in Iran. Jahad Tehran University Press. PP: 180. (In Persian).
Mansourian, S., E. Ezadi, M.H. Rashed Mohasel, H. Kanoni, and S.M. Naghshbandi. 2014. Weed mapping of chickpea fields in Kurdistan province using geographic information system. The 5th Iranian Pulse Crops Conference. 26 Feb. Karaj. Iran. (In Persian).
Mc Cully, K.V., M.G. Sampson, and A.K. Watson. 1991. Weed survey of Nova Scotia Liwbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields. Weed Science. 39: 180-185.
Menalled, F.D., K.L. Gross, and M. Hammond. 2001. Weed aboveground and seedbank community responses to agricultural management systems. Ecological Application. 11: 1586-1601.
Minbashi, M., M.A. Baghestanii, and H. Rahimian. 2008. Introducing abundance index for assessing weed flora in survey studies. Weed Biology and Management. 8: 172-180. (In Persian).
Parsa, M., and A.R. Bagheri. 2009. Beans. Jahad Mashhad University Press. PP: 522 (In Persian).
Poggio, S.L., E.H. Satorre, and E.B. Delafuente. 2004. Structure of weed communities occurring in pea and wheat crops in the Rollin Pampa Argentina. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. 103: 225-235.
Porheidar Ghafarbi, S., and S. Hassannejad. 2013. Identification and survey of weeds community indices in alfalfa fields of Shabestar. Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science. 23: 71-87. (In Persian).
Sabeti, P., M. Minbashi Moeini, and M. Rivand. 2013. Assess the damage weeds corn fields. The Fifth Scientific Conference Weed. University of Tehran- Karaj. 2-4 September 2013. (In Persian).
Thomas, A.G. 1985. Weed survey system used in Saskatchwan for cereal and oilseed crops. Weed Science. 33: 34-43.
Veisi, M., M. Minbashi, P. Sabeti, and A. Mohammadi. 2013. Study on community structure and species diversity of dryland wheat fields and weed mapping of Kermanshah. Journal of Weed Ecology. 1: 55-68. (In Persian).
Zand, E., H. Rahimian, A.R. Koocheki, J. Khalaghani, S.K. Moosavi, and K. Ramezani. 2004. Weed ecology (Translation). Jahad Daneshgahi of Mashhad Press. PP: 558. (In Persian).
