تأثیر محلول پاشی گلایسین-بتائین و سالیسیلیک اسید بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم نخود دیم (.Cicer arietinum L)
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیهادی سالک معراجی 1 , اکرم حاتمی 2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 - کارشناس مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال زنجان، زنجان، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد, پروتئین, دیم, سالیسیلیک اسید, گلایسین-بتائین,
چکیده مقاله :
نخود به عنوان یکی از محصولات مهم در زراعت دیم غالباً با خشکی انتهای فصل مواجه است. راهکارهایی که بتـواند اثرات خشکی آخر فصل در گیاهان دیم را کاهش دهد بسیار می تواند سودمند باشد. به منظور بررسی اثر محلول پاشی گلایسین-بتائین و سالیسیلیک اسید بر عملکرد و اجـزای عملکرد نخـود در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1397-1396 در مزرعه پژوهشی شهرستان رزن استان همدان اجرا گردید. عوامل آزمایش شامل محلول پاشی با آب معمولی به عنوان تیمار شاهد، سه سطح محلول پاشی با گلایسین-بتائین (200، 400 و 600 میلی مولار) و سه سطح سالیسیلیک اسید (250، 500 و 750 میکرومولار) روی دو رقم نخود سارال و هاشم بود. محلول پاشی با گلایسین-بتائین و سالیسیلیک اسید روی تمام صفات مورد ارزیابی هر دو رقم به جز تعداد دانه در غلاف، تأثیر معنی داری داشت. بالاترین عملکرد دانه رقم هاشم (05/168 گرم بر متر مربع) و سارال (55/178 گرم بر متر مربع) در غلظت 600 میلی مولار گلایسین-بتائین مشاهده گردید. تیمار 600 میلی مولار گلایسین-بتائین عملکرد دانه رقم هاشم و رقم سارال را به ترتیب 6/17 و 5/18 درصد افزایش داد. بین دو رقم مورد بررسی نیز از نظر صفات مورد مطالعه اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت. حداکثر تعداد دانه در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد دانه، زیست توده و شاخص برداشت در رقم سارال و بالاترین ارتفاع بوته، وزن صد دانه و درصد پروتئین دانه نیز در رقم هاشم مشاهده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد گلایسین-بتائین بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود تحت شرایط دیم مؤثرتر از محلول پاشی با سالیسیلیک اسید بوده و می تواند به عنوان یک راهکار مؤثر در بهبود عملکرد نخود در زراعت دیم به کار گرفته شود.
Chickpea as one of the most promissing crop under dry farming in Razan, Hamadan where it is often confronted with terminal drought of growing season. Finding strategies to reduce the effects of terminal droughts of chickpea under dryland conditions in this area would be very beneficial. To evaluate the effects of foliar application of glycine betaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) on yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars under rainfed condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Razan town of Hamedan province in 2017- 2018 year. In this experiment, treatments were the use of distilled water as control, three levels of glycine betaine (200, 400 and 600 mM) and three levels of salicylic acid (250, 500 and 750 µM) on two cultivars of chickpea (Hashem and Saral). The results showed that foliar applications of plants with GB and SA resulted in significant effect on all traits under study, except number of seed in pod. The highest of seed yield was observed in Hashem (168.05 g.m2) and Saral (178.55 g.m2) cultivars with foliar application of 600 mM glycine betaine. The treatment of 600 mM of glycine betaine increased seed yield of Hashem and Saral cultivars by 17.6 and 18.5 percents, respectively. There were significant differences between the two cultivars under study. Maximum of number of seed per plant, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were belonged to Saral cultivar, while plant height, weight of 100 seed and percent of protein seed observed in Hashem cultivur. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of glycine betaine on yield and yield components of chickpea under rainfed conditions was more effective than using salicylic acid. It can be said that foliar application of chickpea with GB and SA would improve the performance of chickpea cultivars and rainfed conditions. Futher studies are sudgested to substantiate the results.
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