بررسی اثرات کاربرد خارجی تیامین بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) رقم سیروان
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیمیثم نوروزیان 1 * , عزت اله اسفندیاری 2 , محمدرضا بی همتا 3 , اسماعیل کریمی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه مراغه
2 - گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، ایران
3 - استاد دانشگاه تهران
4 - دانشگاه مراغه
کلید واژه: بذر گندم, پیش¬تیمار, تیامین, عملکرد, محلول¬پاشی,
چکیده مقاله :
این آزمایش به¬صورت کرت¬های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه پژوهشی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران انجام شد. عامل اصلی پیش¬تیمار بذر با تیامین شامل: عدم پیش-تیمار بذر (شاهد) و پیش¬تیمار بذر با مقدار 5/12 میکرومولار به¬مدت 12 ساعت و عامل فرعی محلول¬پاشی برگی تیامین در مراحل مختلف رشدی شامل: عدم محلول¬پاشی (شاهد)، پنجه¬زنی، ساقه¬دهی، سنبله¬دهی، شیری شدن دانه، پنجه¬زنی همراه با ساقه¬دهی، پنجه¬زنی همراه با سنبله¬دهی بود. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه در اکثر تیمارهای مورد مطالعه در اثر کاربرد خارجی تیامین در مقایسه با شاهد (عدم پیش¬تیمار بذور و عدم محلول¬پاشی تیامین در مراحل رشدی) افزایش معنی¬داری داشت که ناشی از بهبود پارامترهایی مانند تعداد پنجه بارور، تعداد پنجه نابارور و وزن هزار دانه بود. اما، کاربرد خارجی تیامین (پیش¬تیمار بذور و یا محلول¬پاشی تیامین در مراحل رشدی) در اغلب تیمارها منجر به بهبود پارامترهای کیفی نظیر پروتئین دانه، میزان روی، اسید آسکوربیک، عدد زلنی و درجه سختی دانه در مقایسه با شاهد نشد. همچنین، در پارامترهایی مانند میزان اسید فیتیک و نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی، در اکثر تیمارها کاربرد خارجی تیامین (پیش¬تیمار بذور و یا محلول¬پاشی تیامین در مراحل رشدی) در مقایسه با شاهد (عدم پیش¬تیمار بذور و عدم محلول¬پاشی تیامین در مراحل رشدی) تاثیر منفی داشت. لازم به¬ذکر است که به دلیل عدم تاثیرپذیری بعد کیفی گندم از کاربرد خارجی تیامین که ناشی از تامین مطلوب نیازهای تغذیه¬ای می¬باشد، در بیان نتیجه نهایی صرفاً بعد کمی عملکرد در نظر گرفته شد. اگرچه برای توصیه اثرگذاری کاربردی خارجی تیامین بر عملکرد دانه، تکرار این آزمایش نیاز است و از طرفی، بین تعدادی از تیمارهای مورد مطالعه از نظر میزان عملکرد دانه تفاوت معنی¬داری نبود، اما با در نظر گرفتن مسائل اقتصاد تولید، تیمار عدم پیش¬تیمار بذور و محلول¬پاشی تیامین در مراحل پنجه¬زنی همراه با ساقه¬دهی به دلیل عملکرد بیشتر، برتر از سایرین بود و می¬توان کاربرد آن را برای رقم سیروان در منطقه کرج و مناطق مشابه از نظر آب و هوایی توصیه نمود.
This experiment was conducted in the form of a split-plot design based on randomized complete blocks in the research farm of Karaj Agriculture University of Tehran at 2013 to 2014. The main plot was seed pre-treatment with thiamine including as no seed pre-treatment (control), seed pre-treatment with 12.5 μM thiamine for 12 hours, and sub-plot was foliar application of thiamine in different growth stages including: no spraying (control), tillering, stemming, spiking, milking, tillering with stemming, tillering with spiking. The results showed that seed yield in most of the studied treatments increased significantly due to the exogenous application of thiamine compared to the control (No pre-treatment and no spraying of thiamine). That can be caused by improvement of parameters such as the number of fertile tillers, the number of infertile tillers and the weight of 1000 grains. But exogenous application of thiamine in most of the treatments did not to improve qualitative parameters such as grain protein, zinc content, ascorbic acid, Zeleni number and grain hardness degree compared to the control (No pre-treatment and no spraying of thiamine). Also, in parameters such as the amount of phytic acid and the molar ratio of phytic acid/zinc, exogenous application of thiamine had a negative effect in most treatments compared to the control (No pre-treatment and no spraying of thiamine). It should be mentioned that due to the lack of influence of the of wheat quality from the exogenous application of thiamine, which is caused by the optimal condition of nutritional requirements, only the quantitative of yield has been considered in expressing the final result. To recommendation the exogenous application of thiamine on grain yield, this experiment needs to be repeated. If there was no significant difference between some of the studied treatments in terms of grain yield, but with considering the issues of economic production in no pre-treatment of seeds and spraying at tillering with stemming were superior to others due to higher yield. Moreover, it can be recommended for Sirvan cultivar in Karaj region and similar regions in terms of climate.
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