چکیده مقاله :
برنج به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین اقلام سبد مصرفی خانوارهای ایرانی است و در تأمین امنیت غذایی جامعه نقشی مهمی را ایفا می کند. از این رو دولت به منظور تنظیم بازار و کنترل قیمت، هر ساله بخشی از منابع محدود ارزی کشور را به واردات برنج اختصاص می دهد. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی عوامل تعیین کننده ی عرضه و تقاضای برنج ایران طی دوره ی 1386-1360 است. بدین منظور اقدام به تخمین تابع عرضه در قالب الگوی تعدیل جزئی نرلاو و تابع تقاضای برنج گردیده است. بر اساس نتایج تخمین، واکنش عرضه کشاورزان در برابر تغییرات قیمت بسیار اندک است و افزایش قیمت تأثیر چندانی بر عرضه ی این محصول نخواهد داشت و سیاست مداخله گرانه ی دولت(واردات) در بازار این محصول بر انگیزه ی تولید کشاورزان اثر منفی داشته است. همچنین براساس نتایج به دست آمده، امکان افزایش تولید این محصول از طریق افزایش سطح زیرکشت تقریبا منتفی است. لذا افزایش در تولید باید بر افزایش عملکرد در هکتار متمرکز گردد. نتایج حاصل از تخمین تابع تقاضا نیز مؤید این مطلب است که افراد در رفتار مصرفی خود کمتر به قیمت توجه دارند و تصمیم گیری برای مصرف این محصول بیشتر تحت تاثیر درآمد افراد می باشد. همچنین عواملی از جمله جمعیت، عادات مصرفی افراد و واردات نیز در الگوی مصرفی افراد نقش دارند. بنابراین تاکید بر افزایش عملکرد در هکتار و اصلاح الگوی مصرف برنج، می تواند ضمن صرفه جویی ارزی به امنیت غذایی کشور نیز کمک کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Rice as one of the most important consumer items Iranian households and in providing food security of the community plays an important role. Thus, the government in order to market regulation and price control, each year some parts of limited resources allocated to foreign countries to import rice. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of supply and demand of rice in Iran during the period 1981-2007. In order to estimate the supply and demand of rice in the form of model of Nerlove partial adjustment and dependent of rice demand. According to estimates, the supply response of farmers against price changes are very small and price increase will not have significant effect on the supply of this product, and interventionist government policies (import) in the market; this product has had a negative impact on farmer's production incentives. Also, in the basis of results, the Possible to increase production through increased acreage is almost neutralized; therefore, the increase in production should be focused on increasing yield per hectare. The results also confirm this is to estimate the demand function, People in their consumer behavior pay less attention to the price And decisions to consume more of this product is affected by individual income. Also, factors such as population, people's consumption habits and consumption patterns of individuals involved in the import. Therefore, the increased emphasis on performance per hectare and reform of consumer pattern of rice can also help the country save foreign exchange to food security
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