اثرات برخی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اسانس گیاه دارویی مریم‌گلی سوری (Salvia syriaca L.) تحت تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
1 - گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران.
کلید واژه: اسانس, تنش خشکی, کود کامل, کود مرغی, مریم گلی سوری,
چکیده مقاله :
کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی، نقش حیاتی در مراحل رشد و نمو گیاهان ایفا می‌کنند و کاربرد آن‌ها می‌تواند باعث افزایش رشد و تولید کمی و کیفی گیاهان شود. در تحقیق حاضر تأثیر کودهای زیستی (بوتامیسول، اسید هیومیک، کودهای اسبی، گوسفندی، گاوی، مرغی، ورمی‌کمپوست) و کامل شیمیاییNPK همراه دو سطح شاهد (مثبت: آب‌پاشی و منفی: بدون هرگونه پاشش) تحت تنش خشکی در سه سطح ظرفیت مزرعه، 50 درصد و 75 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اسانس مریم گلی سوری (Salvia syriaca L.) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این پژوهش در طی دو سال، به صورت فاکتوریل دو عامل (کود و تنش خشکی) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. از بین 15 ترکیب شناسایی شده اسانس، بیشترین اجزا، 1و8 سینئول، سیس توژان، ترانس توزان، کامفور (مونوترپن‌های اکسیژنه) بودند. در بین اجزای اسانس، مادة مؤثرة سیس توژان (3/30-5/29 درصد) بیشترین میزان را به خود اختصاص داد. در دو سال انجام این پژوهش بالاترین مقادیر ارتفاع بوته (8/48-4/49 سانتی‌متر)، تعدادشاخه فرعی (1/20-5/19)، کلروفیل‌کل (42/2-55/2 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (2/69-8/67) و اسانس (4/1-55/1 درصد) توسط تیمارهای کود کامل، کود مرغی و ورمی‌کمپوست در سطح رطوبتی ظرفیت مزرعه بدست آمد. ترکیبات سزکویی ترپن اسانس (کاریوفیلن، آلفاهومولن و مانول) در زمان تنش خشکی افزایش یافتند. پیشنهاد می‌شود برای حصول بالاترین ترکیب کیفی اسانس مریم گلی سوری یعنی دو ترکیب سیس توژان و کامفور تحت شرایط مشابه، از تیمارهای کود کامل و یا کود مرغی استفاده گردد.
Biological and chemical fertilizers have important effectiveness in growth and development of plants, and consumption of this fertilizers made increasing in quantitative and qualitative production in plants. In this study, the effects of biological fertilizers such as Botamisol, Humic acid, horse manure, sheep manure, cow manure, poultry manure, vermicompost and complete chemical NPK with two control (water foliar application and without any foliar application) and three levels of drought stress (Field Capacity, 50% and 75% loss of gravitational water) on morpho-physiological characters and content/composition of essential oil of Salvia syriaca L. were investigated. This research was performed in randomized complete block design in factorial layout with 3 replication. From fifteen essential oil components, the most components were 1, 8 cineole, cis-thujone, trans- thujone, camphor (oxygenated monoterpenoides). Cis-thujone (30.3-29.5 %) had the most amount in essential oil components. Treatments of vermicompost, poultry manure and complete chemical NPK in Field Capacity made the most height of plant (48.8-49.4 cm), number of stem (20.1-19.5), total chlorophyll (2.42-2.55 mg.g FW-1), RWC (69.2-67.8) and content of essential oil (1.4-1.55%). Compositions of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as caryophyllene, alpha humulene and manool increased in drought stress. Suggest to obtain the most quality of essential oil in Salvia such as important components (cis-thujone and camphor) in same condition, use the poultry manure and complete chemical fertilizers.
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