مقایسه روش‌های مختلف پرایمینگ بذر برای بهبود رشد و عملکرد جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) در شرایط شوری
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
علی رضا صفاهانی
1
(گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.)
قربان شهریاری
2
(گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: عملکرد, فنل, شوری, کلرید کلسیم, جیبرلین, اسید سالسیلیک,
چکیده مقاله :
در این مطالعه، روش‌های پرایمینگ بذر برای بهبود عملکرد گیاه جو (ارقام صحرا و خرم) در شرایط یک مزرعه شور واقع در سیمین شهر، شهرستان گمیشان مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. به منظور اجرای پرایمینگ، بذرهای جو در آب مقطر (هیدروپرایمینگ)، محلول هوادهی شده اسید سالیسیلیک (50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر؛ سالسیلیک پرایمینگ)، جیبرلین (ppm 50؛ جیبرلین پرایمینگ)، کلرید کلسیم (50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر؛ هالو پرایمینگ) و پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG-6000، 5/13 درصد، اسموپرایمینگ) به مدت 12 ساعت خیس شدند. بعلاوه، بذرهای تیمار نشده نیز به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای پرایمینگ بذر بطور معنی‌داری، سبز شدن و استقرار بوته‌ها را بهبود بخشید، از این نظر اسموپرایمینگ بالاترین مقدار را دارا بود. حداکثر پنجه‌های بارور، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت در گیاهانی که از بذرهای اسموپرایمینگ و پس از آن‌هالوپرایمینگ رشد نمودند، مشاهده شد. پرایمینگ بذرها میزان پتاسیم برگ را همزمان با کاهش غلظت سدیم بهبود داد و اسموپرایمنیگ بهترین تیمار بود. همچنین حداکثر مقدار فنل، پروتئین‌های محلول، کلروفیل، فعالیت آلفا آمیلاز و پروتئاز در بذرهای اسموپرایم شده پس از‌هالو پرایمینگ مشاهده شدند. به‌طور کلی از نتایج این تحقیق می‌توان دریافت که روش‌های پرایمینگ مختلف در بذرهای جو، تحمل به شوری را بهبود بخشید، با این وجود، اسموپرایمینگ (با پلی اتیلن گلیکول) اثربخش‌ترین تیمار برای رسیدن به عملکرد بالای دانه در هر دو رقم جو بود در حالی که جیبرلین حداقل اثربخشی را داشت.
In this study, potential of seed priming techniques were investigated in improving the yield of barley cultivars (Sahra and Khoram) in a saline field in Simin Shahr, Gomishan. For the purpose of priming, barley seeds were soaked in distilled water (hydropriming), aerated solution of salicylic acid (50 mg l-1; salicylic priming), gibberellic acid (50 ppm; gibberellic priming), CaCl2 (50 mg l-1; halopriming), and polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000, 13.5%, osmopriming) for 12 h. In addition, untreated seeds were also taken as control. The results showed that seed priming treatments substantially improved the stand establishment with osmopriming being the most effective compared to the other treatments. Likewise, maximum fertile tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index were observed in plants raised from osmoprimed seeds followed by halopriming in both cultivars tested. Seed priming treatments also improved the leaf K+ contents with simultaneous decrease in Na+ concentration, osmopriming being the best treatment. Similarly, maximum total phenolic contents, total soluble proteins (TSP), α-amylase and protease activity were observed in osmoprimed seeds followed by halopriming. In conclusion, different seed priming treatments in barley seeds improved the salinity tolerance. Nonetheless, osmopriming was the most effective treatments to get higher grain yield in both barley cultivars whereas gibberellic treatment was the least effective.
Afzal, I., Basra,S.M.A., Ahmad, N. and Farooq, M. (2005). Optimization of hormonal priming techniques for alleviation of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Caderno de Pesquisa se´rie Biologia. 17: 95-109.
Afzal, I., Basra, S.M.A., Hameed, A. and Farooq, M. (2006). Physiological enhancements for alleviation of salt tolerance in spring wheat. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 38: 1649-1659.
Almansouri, M., Kinet, J. M. and Lutts, S. (2001). Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Triticum durum). Plant and Soil. 231: 243-254.
Ashraf, M. and Rauf, H. (2001). Inducing salt tolerance in maize through seed priming with chlorides salts: growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 23: 407-414.
Ashraf, M., Kausar, A. and Ashraf, M. Y. (2003). Alleviation of salt stress in pearl millet through seed treatments. Agronomie. 23: 227-234.
Association of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA). (1983). Seed vigor testing Handbook. Contribution No. 32 to the Handbook on Seed Testing. Association of Official Seed Analysis, Springfield, IL.
Aziza, A., Haben, A. and Becker, M. (2004). Seed priming enhances germination and seedling growth of barley under condition of P and Zn deficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 167: 630-636.
Basra, S.M.A., Farooq, M., Tabassum, R. and Ahmad, N. (2005). Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed vigor enhancement treatments in fine rice. Seed Science and Technology. 33: 623-628.
Bewley, J. D. and Black, M. (1985). Seeds physiology of development and germination. Plenum Press, New York, USA.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72: 248-254.
Chaovanalikit, A. and Wrolstad, R.E. (2004). Total anthocyanins and total phenolics of fresh and processed cherries and their antioxidant properties. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 69: 67-72.
Drapeau, G. (1974). Protease from Staphylococcus aureus. In: L. Lorand, ed. Methods in Enzymology. pp. 469. Academic Press, New York, USA.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Saleem, B.A., Nafees, M. and Chishti, S.A. (2005). Enhancement of tomato seed germination and seedling vigor by osmopriming. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science. 42: 36-41.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A. and Hafeez, K. (2006a). Seed invigoration by osmohardening in coarse and fine rice. Seed Science and Technology. 34: 181-187.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Tabassum, R. and Afzal, I. (2006b). Enhancing the performance of direct seeded fine rice by seed priming. Plant Production Science. 9: 446-456.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Rehman, H. and Saleem, B.A. (2008). Seed priming enhances the performance of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by improving the chilling tolerance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 194: 55-60.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Basra, S.M.A. and Siddique, K.H.M. (2010a). Improving crop resistance to abiotic stresses through seed invigoration. In: M. Pessarakli, ed. Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, 3rd edn. pp. 1031–1050. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Wahid, A. and Ahmad, N. (2010b). Changes in nutrient-homeostasis and reserves metabolism during rice seed priming: Consequences for germination and seedling growth. Agricultural Sciences in China. 9: 101-108.
Greenway, H. and Munns, R. (1980). Mechanism of salt tolerance in non-halophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 31: 149-190.
Henkel, P.A. and Strogonov, B.P. (1961). Physiology of plants consuming saline water, in: Proceeding of Tehran UNESCO symposium on salinity problem in the arid zones. Arid Zone Research. 14: 145-151.
Hosseini, M.K., Powell, A.A. and Bingham, I.J. (2003). The interaction between salinity stress and seed vigor during germination of soyabeen seeds. Seed Science and Technology. 31: 715-725.
Hu, Y. and Schmidhalter, U. (1997). Interactive effects of salinity and macronutrient level on wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 20: 1169-1182.
Hunt, R. (1978). Plant growth analysis. Studies in biology No. 96. pp. 8–38. Edward Arnlod, London, UK.
Moran, R. (1982). Formula for determination of chlorophyllous pigments extracted with N.N. dimethylformamide. Plant Physiology. 69: 1371-1381.
Parida, A., Das, A. B., Sanada, Y. and Mohanty, P. (2004). Effects of salinity on biochemical components of the mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum. Aquatic Botany. 80: 77-87.
Razmjoo, K., Heydarizadeh, P. and Sabzalian, M.R. (2008). Effect of salinity and drought stresses on growth parameters and essential oil content of Matricaria chamomile. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 10: 451-454.
Rice-Evans, C., Miller, N. J. and Paganga, G. (1997). Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Science. 2: 152- 159.
Schutzz, M. and Fangmeier, A. (2001). Growth and yield responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. CV. Minaret). Pollution 114: 187- 189.
Singh, B. and Usha, K. (2003). Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation 39: 137-141.
Varavinit, S., Chaokasem, N. and Shobsngob, S. (2002). Immobilization of a thermostable alpha-amylase. Science Asia. 28: 247-251.
Wahid, A., Farooq, M., Rasul, E., Basra, S.M.A. and Siddique, K.H.M. (2010). Germination of seeds and porpagules under salt stress. In: M. Pessarakli, ed. Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, 3rd edn. pp. 321–337. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL.
Zhu, J.K. (2001). Plant salt tolerance. Trends in Plant Science. 6: 66-71.
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Afzal, I., Basra,S.M.A., Ahmad, N. and Farooq, M. (2005). Optimization of hormonal priming techniques for alleviation of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Caderno de Pesquisa se´rie Biologia. 17: 95-109.
Afzal, I., Basra, S.M.A., Hameed, A. and Farooq, M. (2006). Physiological enhancements for alleviation of salt tolerance in spring wheat. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 38: 1649-1659.
Almansouri, M., Kinet, J. M. and Lutts, S. (2001). Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Triticum durum). Plant and Soil. 231: 243-254.
Ashraf, M. and Rauf, H. (2001). Inducing salt tolerance in maize through seed priming with chlorides salts: growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 23: 407-414.
Ashraf, M., Kausar, A. and Ashraf, M. Y. (2003). Alleviation of salt stress in pearl millet through seed treatments. Agronomie. 23: 227-234.
Association of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA). (1983). Seed vigor testing Handbook. Contribution No. 32 to the Handbook on Seed Testing. Association of Official Seed Analysis, Springfield, IL.
Aziza, A., Haben, A. and Becker, M. (2004). Seed priming enhances germination and seedling growth of barley under condition of P and Zn deficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 167: 630-636.
Basra, S.M.A., Farooq, M., Tabassum, R. and Ahmad, N. (2005). Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed vigor enhancement treatments in fine rice. Seed Science and Technology. 33: 623-628.
Bewley, J. D. and Black, M. (1985). Seeds physiology of development and germination. Plenum Press, New York, USA.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72: 248-254.
Chaovanalikit, A. and Wrolstad, R.E. (2004). Total anthocyanins and total phenolics of fresh and processed cherries and their antioxidant properties. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 69: 67-72.
Drapeau, G. (1974). Protease from Staphylococcus aureus. In: L. Lorand, ed. Methods in Enzymology. pp. 469. Academic Press, New York, USA.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Saleem, B.A., Nafees, M. and Chishti, S.A. (2005). Enhancement of tomato seed germination and seedling vigor by osmopriming. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science. 42: 36-41.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A. and Hafeez, K. (2006a). Seed invigoration by osmohardening in coarse and fine rice. Seed Science and Technology. 34: 181-187.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Tabassum, R. and Afzal, I. (2006b). Enhancing the performance of direct seeded fine rice by seed priming. Plant Production Science. 9: 446-456.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Rehman, H. and Saleem, B.A. (2008). Seed priming enhances the performance of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by improving the chilling tolerance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 194: 55-60.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Basra, S.M.A. and Siddique, K.H.M. (2010a). Improving crop resistance to abiotic stresses through seed invigoration. In: M. Pessarakli, ed. Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, 3rd edn. pp. 1031–1050. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Wahid, A. and Ahmad, N. (2010b). Changes in nutrient-homeostasis and reserves metabolism during rice seed priming: Consequences for germination and seedling growth. Agricultural Sciences in China. 9: 101-108.
Greenway, H. and Munns, R. (1980). Mechanism of salt tolerance in non-halophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 31: 149-190.
Henkel, P.A. and Strogonov, B.P. (1961). Physiology of plants consuming saline water, in: Proceeding of Tehran UNESCO symposium on salinity problem in the arid zones. Arid Zone Research. 14: 145-151.
Hosseini, M.K., Powell, A.A. and Bingham, I.J. (2003). The interaction between salinity stress and seed vigor during germination of soyabeen seeds. Seed Science and Technology. 31: 715-725.
Hu, Y. and Schmidhalter, U. (1997). Interactive effects of salinity and macronutrient level on wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 20: 1169-1182.
Hunt, R. (1978). Plant growth analysis. Studies in biology No. 96. pp. 8–38. Edward Arnlod, London, UK.
Moran, R. (1982). Formula for determination of chlorophyllous pigments extracted with N.N. dimethylformamide. Plant Physiology. 69: 1371-1381.
Parida, A., Das, A. B., Sanada, Y. and Mohanty, P. (2004). Effects of salinity on biochemical components of the mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum. Aquatic Botany. 80: 77-87.
Razmjoo, K., Heydarizadeh, P. and Sabzalian, M.R. (2008). Effect of salinity and drought stresses on growth parameters and essential oil content of Matricaria chamomile. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 10: 451-454.
Rice-Evans, C., Miller, N. J. and Paganga, G. (1997). Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Science. 2: 152- 159.
Schutzz, M. and Fangmeier, A. (2001). Growth and yield responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. CV. Minaret). Pollution 114: 187- 189.
Singh, B. and Usha, K. (2003). Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation 39: 137-141.
Varavinit, S., Chaokasem, N. and Shobsngob, S. (2002). Immobilization of a thermostable alpha-amylase. Science Asia. 28: 247-251.
Wahid, A., Farooq, M., Rasul, E., Basra, S.M.A. and Siddique, K.H.M. (2010). Germination of seeds and porpagules under salt stress. In: M. Pessarakli, ed. Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, 3rd edn. pp. 321–337. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL.
Zhu, J.K. (2001). Plant salt tolerance. Trends in Plant Science. 6: 66-71.