بررسی تأثیر باکتری های حل کننده فسفات در ترکیب با کود شیمیایی فسفره بر عملکرد هیبریدهای ذرت دانه ای در شمال استان خوزستان
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
فاطمه نورکی
1
(گروه زراعت، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.)
مجتبی علوی فاضل
2
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.)
احمد نادری
3
(مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران.)
ابراهیم پناهپور
4
(گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.)
شهرام لک
5
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.)
کلید واژه: عملکرد دانه, کشاورزی پایدار, باکتری‌های حل کننده فسفات, کود شیمیایی فسفره, هیبرید ذرت,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر باکتری‌های حل کننده فسفات در ترکیب با کود شیمیایی فسفره بر عملکرد هیبریدهای ذرت دانه ای آزمایشی در شمال استان خوزستان در تابستان سال‌های 1393-1392 به روش کرت‌های دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تلفیق کود شیمیایی و زیستی به‌عنوان تیمار اصلی در چهار سطح (100درصد کود شیمیایی به تنهایی 25، 50 و 75 درصد تلفیق کود شیمیایی با 100 درصد کود زیستی) در کرت‌های اصلی، هبیریدهای ذرت دانه ای با سه سطح (سینگل کراس 704، مبین و کارون) در کرت‌های فرعی قرار داده شدند. در این تحقیق تلفیق کود شیمیایی با کود زیستی برعملکرد بیولوژیکی در سطح احتمال 5 درصد معنی‌دار و بقیه صفات غیر معنی‌دار گردید. همچنین نوع هیبرید مورد آزمایش نیز دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری در عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد بود ولی بر شاخص برداشت اثر غیرمعنی‌داری بر جای گذاشت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه با مقدار 12875 کیلوگرم در هکتار متعلق به سینگل کراس 704 با تلفیق 25 درصد تلفیق کود شیمیایی و زیستی و کمترین مقدار نیز با 10215 کیلوگرم در هکتار به هیبرید مبین با 25 درصد تلفیق کود شیمیایی و زیستی تعلق داشت. با توجه به نتایج حاصله به نظر می رسد که تلفیق کود شیمیایی با کود زیستی توانست سبب افزایش عملکرد در هیبریدهای سینگل کراس 704 و کارون شود و هیبرید مبین از قابلیت کودپذیری پایین تری برخوردار بود.
In order to study the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in combination with phosphorus fertilizer on yield of corn hybrids, the experiment was carried out in the north of Khuzestan province during the summer of 2013-2014 by a split plot design in the form of randomized complete block with four replications. Combining biological and chemical fertilizers as main factors at four levels (100% chemical fertilizer, 75%, 50% and 25% chemical fertilizer combined with 100% bio-fertilizer) were used in the main plots and corn hybrids pellets with three levels (S.C 704, S.C Mobin, S.C Karoon) were used in sub plots. In this study the combination of chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer had a significant effect on biological yield at 5% level while the other traits were not significant. Also, the hybrid type had a significant effect on yield components; however, the harvest index was not significant. It seems that combination of chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer was able to increase the performance of single cross hybrids and cross hybrids 704 and Karun while Mobin hybrid showed a lower capability for fertilizer.
References
Ahmad, A.G., Orabi, S. and Gaballah, A. (2010). Effect of bio-N-P fertilizer on the growth, yield and some biochemical component of two sunflower cultivars. International Journal of Academic Research. 4 (2): 271-277.
Alikhan, A., Jilani, G., Saleem Akhtar, M., Saqlan Naqvi, S. M. and Rasheed, M. (2009). Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria: Occurrence, mechanisms and thir role in crop production. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 1:48- 58.
Anagholi, A., Kashiri, M., Zinli, A. and Ezat-Ahmadi, M. (2002). The amount and timing of phosphorus intake on growth and yield of corn. International Crop Science Congress of Iran. Karaj. P, 45. (In Persian).
Arpana, N., Kumar, S. D. and Prasad, T. N. (2002). Effect, of seed noculation, fertility and irrigation on uptake of major nutrients and soil fertility status after harvest of late sown lentil. Journal of Applied Biology. 12:23- 26.
Asghar, H.N., Zahir, Z.A., Arshad, M. and Khaliq, A. (2002). Relationship between in vitro production of auxins by rhizobacteria and their growth-promoting activities in Brassica juncea L. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 35: 231-237.
Behzad, A., Habibi, D., Paknejad, F., Asgharzadeh, A. and Abdollahian noqabi, M. (2012). Effect of plant growth promoting bacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and components yield of maize. Journal of Field Crop Science in Iran.43(1):129-137.
Biswas, B., Singh, R., and Mukhopadhyay, A.S.N. (2008). Use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria as biofertilizer for non-legumes: prospects and challenges. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 80: 199-209.
Cherati araei, A. (1996). The effect of phosphorus and organic matter on growth absorbed by the barley and forms a chemical Zn in two calcareous soils. Soil Science master's thesis. College of Agriculture, Shiraz University.
Ehteshami, M., Aghalikhani, A., Chaeechi, M.R. and Khavazy, K. ( 2007). Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on quantitative and qualitative properties of corn under water stress conditions. The second National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture. Gorgan. P, 123. (In Persian).
Fathy, G. (1999). Growth and feed crops. Mashhad University. P, 372. (Translated in Persian).
German, M. A., Burdman, S., Okon, Y. and Kigel, J. (2000). Effects of Azospirillum brasilense on root morphology of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under different water regimes. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 32:259-264.
Hamidi, A., Ghalavand, A., Dehghan Shoar, M., Malakuti, M. J., Asgharzadeh, A. and Chokan, R. (2007). The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) on phenology late maturing maize hybrids. Crop Science Ninth Congress.
Haqparast tanha, M.R. (1992). Plant nutrition and metabolism: Islamic Azad University Press.
Hojatipor, A., Jafari haqiqi, B. and Dorostkar, M. (2013). The effect of a combination of biological and chemical fertilizers on grain yield, yield components and Wheat growth indices. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 15:11-21.
Ibeauchi, I., Faith, I.A.O., Christian, T.T. and Julius, C.O. (2007). Graded replacement of inorganic fertilizer with organic manure for sustainable maize production in Owerri Imo State Nigeria. Science Journal. 4(2):82-87.
Jamshidi, A. (1999). Effect of agricultural operations (quality of water) on demolition of lands. MSc Thesis. Faculty of Natural resources, Tarbiyat Modares University of Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).
Kazemi, S.H., Azarabadi, S., Rahimzade-Khoie, F., Nazari, N. and Mardan, N. (2011). Efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer application levels on morphological traits, yield and yield components of maize. The first National Conference on Modern Topics in Agriculture, University of Saveh. (In Persian).
Khan, M.S. and Zaidi, A. (2007). Synergistic effects of the inoculation with plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus on the performance of wheat. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 31:355-362.
Khodabandeh, N. (1998). Cereal. In: Tehran University Press. P, 537.
Kocheki, A. and Sarmadnya, G. (1999). Crops Physiology. Mashhad University. 400 p.(Translated in Persian).
Kocheki, A. and Bnayan, M. (1994). Physiology of crop yield. Mashhad University.P, 380. (Translated in Persian).
Malakooti, M.J. and Homaei, M. (2004). Fertile soils of arid and semi arid. In: Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran.
Mazaheri, D. and Majnonhoseini, N. (2003). General principles of agriculture. In: Tehran University Press .P, 320.
Mehrpouyan, M., Osanloo, P. and Ali-Mohammadi, R. (2011). Effect of nitroxin and azetobacter on two single cross hybrids of corn (Zea mays L.) compare with urea fertilizer in Miyaneh region. The first National Conference on Modern Topics in Agriculture, University of Saveh. (In Persian).
Mirhadi, M.J. (2001). Maize. In: Publication Research Organization, promotion of agricultural education. P, 214.
Molla, A.H., Shamsuddin, Z.H., Halimi, M. S., Morziah, M. and puteh, A.B. (2001). Potential for enhancement of root growth and nodulation of soybean co-inoculation with Azospirillum and Bradyrhizobium in laboratory systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 33:457-463.
Moussaoui-jangali, S.A., Sani, B., Sharifi, M. and Hosseininejad, Z. (2004). Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhiza on quantitative traits in corn (SC 704). Abstract Crop Science Congress of Iran, Faculty of Agriculture, Gilan University. P, 184. (In Persian).
Naseri Pouryazdi, M. (1991). Study the effect of NPK on growth and yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). MSc Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiyat modares University of Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).
Naserirad, H., Soleymanifard, A. and Naseri, R. (2011). Effect of integrated application of bio-fertilizer on grain yield, yield components and associated traits of maize cultivars. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science. 10 (2):271-277.
Osborne, S.L., Schepper, J.S. Francis, D.D. and Schlemmer, M.R. (2002) .Use of spectral radiance to in – season biomass and grain yield in nitrogen and water – stressed corn. Crop Science. 42 : 163-171.
Peix, A., Rivas-Boyere, A.A. and Mateos, P.F. (2001). Growth promotion of Chickpea and barley by a phosphate solubilizing strain of mesorhizobium mediterraneum under growth chamber conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 33(1):103-110.
Qanbari, A. (1992). Greenhouse and laboratory evaluation of several juicer to determine available P in calcareous soils some important Fars province. Pedology a Master's thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shiraz.
Rokhzadi, A., Asgharzadeh, A. & Drrish, F. (2004). Influnce of plant Growth. Promoting rhizobacteria on dry matter accumulation and yield of chikpea. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 3:253- 257.
Ronaqi, A., Chaker Alhoseini, M. and Karimian, N.A. (2002). The effect of phosphorus and iron on the growth and chemical composition of corn. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 6 (4): 91-102.
Salardini, A. (1995). Soil fertility. In: Tehran University Press, Fifth Edition.
Salardini, A. and Mojtahedi, A.M. (1988). Principles of plant nutrition. In: Tehran University Press.
Sani, F., Rajabzade, F., Liaghati, H. and ghoulichy, F. ( 2007). Role of biological fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative indicators corn in the crop ecosystem. The second national conference on ecological agriculture in Iran. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. (In Persian).
Sarkar, P.K., Haque, M.Sh. and Abdul Karim, M. (2002). Effects of GA and IAA and their frequency of application on morphology, yield 3. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 1: 119-122.
Shaharoona B., M., Arshad, A.Z., A. Zahir Khalid. (2006). Performance of Pseudomonas spp. containing ACC deaminasefor improving growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizer. Soil Biology Biochemistry. 38: 2971–2975.
Tayafeh soltankhani, A.M. (2011). Monthly analysis, news and Agricultural Engineering. P:22.
Ványiné, V., Tóth, A.S., and Nagy, J. (2012). Effect of nitrogen doses on the chlorophyll concentration, yield and protein content of different genotype maize hybrids in Hungary. African Journal of Agricultural Research.7(16):2546-2552.
Yazdani, M., Bahmanyar, M.A., Pirdashti, H., and Esmaili, M.A. (2009). Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn. International Journal of Biological Sciences.1:12-20.
Zarabpoor, M., Azar-abadi, S. and Nazari, N. (2011). Effects of phosphate fertilizer levels on yield components of wax bean. The first National Conference on Modern Topics in Agriculture, University of Saveh. (In Persia