بررسی تاثیر فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری بر رشد و فیزیولوژی گیاه ختمی (Althaea officinalis)
محورهای موضوعی :
احمد مهتدی
1
(گروه زیست¬شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران، )
فروزان قاسمی
2
(گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران)
اطهرالسادات جوانمرد
3
(گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران)
شکوفه حاجی هاشمی
4
(گروه زیست شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء (ص) بهبهان، ایران)
کلید واژه: ختمی, شاخص¬رشد, عناصر سنگین, فاضلاب, ویژگی¬های فیزیولوژیک,
چکیده مقاله :
استفاده از فاضلاب تصفیه¬شده جهت آبیاری گیاهان در مناطق خشک و نیمه¬خشک از اهمیت به‌سزایی برخوردار است. ختمی (Althaea officinalis) گیاه دارویی از تیره پنیرکیان است و داراي ترکیبات لعاب‌دار و موسیلاژ فراوانی می‌باشد. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثر فاضلاب بر رشد و برخی از خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گیاه ختمی صورت گرفت. بدین‌منظور بذر گیاهان ختمی در گلدان‌های حاوی پرلیت کشت شدند. گياهان در مرحله چهار برگی با غلظت‌های مختلف فاضلاب تصفیه ¬شده شهری یاسوج (صفر، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد) در سه تکرار آبیاری شدند. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. برداشت گیاهان سه هفته پس از اولین آبیاری با سطوح مختلف فاضلاب انجام شد و برخی از صفات رویشی و فیزیولوژیکی مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند. نتايج نشان داد که تیمار فاضلاب سبب افزایش طول گیاه، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و سطح برگ گیاهان شد. بیشترین میزان رشد در تیمار گیاهان با فاضلاب رقیق¬ نشده بدست آمد. در پاسخ به تیمار فاضلاب، میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی از قبیل کلروفیل‌های a، b و کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئیدها افزایش معنی¬دار یافت و بیشترین میزان افزایش در تیمار 100 درصد فاضلاب مشاهده شد. آنتوسیانین‌ها و فلاونوئیدها در پاسخ به فاضلاب افزایش یافتند در حالی که میزان پروتئین‌ها کاهش یافت. در پاسخ به آبیاری فاضلاب، عناصر سرب و کادمیوم در ریشه و برگ گیاهان یافت نشد. به طور کلی، نتایج این تحقیق نشان¬دهنده واکنش مثبت گیاه ختمی، به آبیاری با فاضلاب تصفیه ¬شده شهری بود.
Treated wastewater is important for plant irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. Althaea officinalis belongs to the Malvaceae family and contains high levels of glazed compounds and mucilage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of urban wastewater on growth and some physiological characteristics of Althaea officinalis. The seeds of A. officinalis were cultured in the pots containing perlite. The plants were treated with different levels of urbane wastewater of Yasouj (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in three replications. The experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks design. The plants were harvested after three weeks’ irrigation with different concentrations of wastewater for further analysis. The results have shown that wastewater treatments increased the fresh and dry weight of shoots, the leaf area, the height of plant and roots length. The highest growth rate was obtained in plants irrigated with un-diluted wastewater. In response to wastewater treatment, the amount of photosynthetic pigments including chlorophylls a, b, a+b, and carotenoids increased and the highest level of increase was observed at 100% of wastewater. Anthocyanins and flavonoids increased in response to wastewater irrigation while proteins decreased. No cadmium and lead were detected in the leaves and roots of wastewater-irrigated plants. Overall, the results of this study showed a positive response of A. officinalis to urbane-wastewater-irrigation.
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