ارائه چارچوبی برای ارزیابی و الویت بندی ریسک های برون سپاری پروژه های شرکت گاز استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت صنعتیSohaila Ghasemi Pirbaluti 1 , Seyed Akbar Nilipour Tabatabaie 2 , Bijan Khayatbashi 3
1 - Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor in Industrail Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology
3 - Assistant Professor in Industrial Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology
کلید واژه: RPN, prioritization, ریسک, Risk, برون سپاری, الویت بندی, FMEA, outsourcing, شرکت گاز استان چهارمحال و بختیاری, Gas Company of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به روند روبه گسترش استفاده از رویکرد برون سپاری در سازمانها، شرکت گاز استان چهارمحال و بختیاری نیز همگام با تحولات برون سپاری مطرح شده در ایران اکثر پروژه های سرمایه ای خود را به صورت انعقاد پیمان، به مرحله اجرا می گذارد. اما نظر به اینکه تصدی گری بخشی از خدمات بهره برداری هنوز به عهده خود شرکت بوده و برنامه ریزی جهت برون سپاری طی سالهای آتی در دستور کار قرار گرفته است، به منظور استفاده صحیح از رویکرد برون سپاری و بهبود اجرای پروژه های شرکت، ارزیابی صحیح ریسک ها پیش از برون سپاری در این سازمان ضروری به نظر می رسد. لذا هدف از انجام این پژوهش ارائه چارچوب مناسبی جهت شناسایی ریسک های برون سپاری پروژه های شرکت و الویت بندی آنها با استفاده از تکنیک FMEA است. بدین منظور با بررسی مطالعات انجام شده ریسک های عمده و فاکتورهای مؤثر بر آنها شناسایی و با توجه به شاخص های کیفیت، هزینه و تحویل به موقع دسته بندی شدند. سپس با بهره گیری از تکنیک FMEA و بر اساس درجه الویت ریسک حاصل از شدت، میزان وقوع و احتمال کشف اقدام به کمی نمودن و الویت بندی فاکتورهای شناسایی شده و ارائه اقدامات اصلاحی در جهت کنترل و کاهش ریسک ها گردید. در این پژوهش نظرسنجی با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه با هفت نفر از مدیران رده بالای شرکت که با مسئله مورد بررسی به طور مستقیم در ارتباطند، انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده عیوب ساختاری ، عیوب عملکردی و تأخیر در شروع و اجرای پروژه اهمیت بیشتری در برون سپاری پروژه ها دارند و فاکتورهای نوسانات موجود در تبادلات پولی، عدم اطمینان به تغییرات تکنولوژی و نیازهای مشتری، فقدان تجربه،مهارت و دانش در زمینه برون سپاری و کمبود مهارت های مورد نیاز برای اجرای پروژه ها در سطح بالا بوده و نیازمند اعمال کنترل های مدیریتی بالاتری می باشند.
Due to the growing trend of use of the outsourcing approach in organizations, Gas Company of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, keep pace with developments in the outsourcing of Iran, implementing the most of their capital projects as the treaty. But according to the tenure of parts of operation service is still undertaking company and planning for outsourcing during the coming years in the agenda is located, in order to correctly use of outsourcing approach and improvement of Performance Company’s project, correct evaluation of risks before the outsourcing seems necessary in this organization. The purpose of this study provided a useful framework for identifying risks in the company's outsourcing projects and prioritizing them uses FMEA technique. Therefore, investigating the studies conducted, major risks and their effective factors were identified and classified considering the parameters of quality, cost and delivery time. Then, using of FMEA technique and based on the priority level of acquired risk severity, occurrence and detection, attempting to quantify and prioritize identified factors and providing corrective actions to control and reduce the risks. In this study, using a questionnaire survey and interviews with seven of the top executives of companies that are directly related to the issue is performed. Based on acquiring results, structural defects, functional defects, and delay in outsourcing project's implementation are more significant and currency exchange fluctuations factors, uncertainty of changing technology and customer requirements, lack of experience, expertise and knowledge in the field of outsourcing and lack of required skills for performance projects in high level and requires greater managerial control.
1- Aundhe, M.D., & Mathew, S.K. (2009). Risks in offshore IT outsourcing: A service provider percpective. European Management Journal, 27(6), 418-428.
2- Abdullah, L.M., & Varner, J.M. (2012). Analysis and application of an outsourcing risk framework. The Journal of systems and Software.
3- Amani, P., & Amani, M. (2004). General framework for risk assessment of outsourcing projects IT. International Conference on Project Management.
4- Bhattacharya, S., & Behara, R.S., & Gundersen, D.E. (2003). Business risk perspectives on information systems outsourcing. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 4(1), 75-94.
5- Bahli, B., & Rivard, S. (2005). Validating measures of information technology outsourcing risk factors .Omega, 33(2), 175-187.
6- Currie, Y.L. (2003). A knowledge-based risk assessment framework for evaluating web-enabled application outsourcing projects. International Journal of Project Management, 21(3), 207-217.
7- Chou, D.C., & Chou, A.Y. (2009). Information systems outsourcing life cycle and risks analysis. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 31(5), 1036-1043.
8- Cheshmberah, M, & Mortazavi, S.M. (2005). The study risks of outsourcing industrial activities and the way they deal with.
9- Gilley, M., & Greer, C. (2002). Human resource outsourcing and Organizational in manufacturing Firms, Oklahoma state university. The first national conference on the development of the country's industrial structure contractors. Tehran.
10- Greaver, M.F. (1999). Strategic Outsourcing-A Structured Approach to Outsourcing Decisions and Initiatives. AMA Publication, Inc.(USA).
11- Hall, M. (2003). Outsourcing deals fail half the time. Computerworld, 37( 44), 10-21.
12- Lacity, M.C., & Khan, S.A., & Willcocks, L.P. (2009). Areview of IT outsourcing literature: Insights for practice. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 18(3), 130-146.
13- Meisler, A. (2004). Think globally, act rationally. Workforce Management, 83(1), 40-45.
14- Mosakhani, M., & Nayebi, A., & Bakhshi, J. (2007). Provide a methodology of fuzzy for evaluating the performance suppliers in the outsourcing process. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(77), 133-140.
15- Nakatsu, R.T., & Iacovou, C.L. (2009). A comparative study of important risk factors involved in offshore and domestic outsourcing of software development projects: A two-panel Delphi study. Information & Management, 46(1), 57-68.
16- Osei-Bryson, K.M., & Ngwenyama, O.K. (2006). Managing risks in information systems outsourcing: An approach to analyzing outsourcing risks and structuring incentive contracts. European Journal of Operational Research, 174(1), 245-264.
17- Pillay, A., & wang, J. (2002). Modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis using Approximate Reasoning Reliability Engineering and system safety, 79, 69-85.
18- Rezaei, K., & Seyedi, M., & Nurrie, B. (2005). Failure Modes And Effects Analysis . Tehran: Atna Press.
19- Scipioni, A.G.,& Centazzo, s.a., & Areno, F. (2002). FMEA Methodology Design,Implemen tatix and Integration with HACCP system in a food company. Jurnal of food control, (13), 495-501.
20- Segismundo, A., & Augusto, P., & Miguel, C. (2008). Failure modes and effects analiysis(FMEA) in the context of risk management in new product Development , A case study in an automotive company. International Jurnal of Quality & Reliability Management, 25(9) 899-912.
21- Tapia, C., & Dies, J., & Pesudo, V., & Abala, J., & Ibarrab, A., & Arroyob, J.M. (2011). IFMIF accelerator: Database, FMEA, fault tree and RAM. Fusion Engineering and Design.
22- Willcocks, L.C., & Lacity, M.C., & Kern, T. (1999). Risk mitigation in IT outsourcing strategy revisited: longitudinal case research at LISA. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 8(3), 285-314.
_||_1- Aundhe, M.D., & Mathew, S.K. (2009). Risks in offshore IT outsourcing: A service provider percpective. European Management Journal, 27(6), 418-428.
2- Abdullah, L.M., & Varner, J.M. (2012). Analysis and application of an outsourcing risk framework. The Journal of systems and Software.
3- Amani, P., & Amani, M. (2004). General framework for risk assessment of outsourcing projects IT. International Conference on Project Management.
4- Bhattacharya, S., & Behara, R.S., & Gundersen, D.E. (2003). Business risk perspectives on information systems outsourcing. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 4(1), 75-94.
5- Bahli, B., & Rivard, S. (2005). Validating measures of information technology outsourcing risk factors .Omega, 33(2), 175-187.
6- Currie, Y.L. (2003). A knowledge-based risk assessment framework for evaluating web-enabled application outsourcing projects. International Journal of Project Management, 21(3), 207-217.
7- Chou, D.C., & Chou, A.Y. (2009). Information systems outsourcing life cycle and risks analysis. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 31(5), 1036-1043.
8- Cheshmberah, M, & Mortazavi, S.M. (2005). The study risks of outsourcing industrial activities and the way they deal with.
9- Gilley, M., & Greer, C. (2002). Human resource outsourcing and Organizational in manufacturing Firms, Oklahoma state university. The first national conference on the development of the country's industrial structure contractors. Tehran.
10- Greaver, M.F. (1999). Strategic Outsourcing-A Structured Approach to Outsourcing Decisions and Initiatives. AMA Publication, Inc.(USA).
11- Hall, M. (2003). Outsourcing deals fail half the time. Computerworld, 37( 44), 10-21.
12- Lacity, M.C., & Khan, S.A., & Willcocks, L.P. (2009). Areview of IT outsourcing literature: Insights for practice. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 18(3), 130-146.
13- Meisler, A. (2004). Think globally, act rationally. Workforce Management, 83(1), 40-45.
14- Mosakhani, M., & Nayebi, A., & Bakhshi, J. (2007). Provide a methodology of fuzzy for evaluating the performance suppliers in the outsourcing process. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(77), 133-140.
15- Nakatsu, R.T., & Iacovou, C.L. (2009). A comparative study of important risk factors involved in offshore and domestic outsourcing of software development projects: A two-panel Delphi study. Information & Management, 46(1), 57-68.
16- Osei-Bryson, K.M., & Ngwenyama, O.K. (2006). Managing risks in information systems outsourcing: An approach to analyzing outsourcing risks and structuring incentive contracts. European Journal of Operational Research, 174(1), 245-264.
17- Pillay, A., & wang, J. (2002). Modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis using Approximate Reasoning Reliability Engineering and system safety, 79, 69-85.
18- Rezaei, K., & Seyedi, M., & Nurrie, B. (2005). Failure Modes And Effects Analysis . Tehran: Atna Press.
19- Scipioni, A.G.,& Centazzo, s.a., & Areno, F. (2002). FMEA Methodology Design,Implemen tatix and Integration with HACCP system in a food company. Jurnal of food control, (13), 495-501.
20- Segismundo, A., & Augusto, P., & Miguel, C. (2008). Failure modes and effects analiysis(FMEA) in the context of risk management in new product Development , A case study in an automotive company. International Jurnal of Quality & Reliability Management, 25(9) 899-912.
21- Tapia, C., & Dies, J., & Pesudo, V., & Abala, J., & Ibarrab, A., & Arroyob, J.M. (2011). IFMIF accelerator: Database, FMEA, fault tree and RAM. Fusion Engineering and Design.
22- Willcocks, L.C., & Lacity, M.C., & Kern, T. (1999). Risk mitigation in IT outsourcing strategy revisited: longitudinal case research at LISA. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 8(3), 285-314.