بررسی تطبیقی ویژگی‌های کالبدی و کارکردی شناشیرهای بوشهر با فضای مشربیه در کشورهای حوزه خلیجفارس
محورهای موضوعی : معماری
ندا ناصری
1
,
زهره اویسی کیخا
2
1 - کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات معماری ایران، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، دانشكده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.
کلید واژه: شناشیر, مشربیه, خانه¬های تاریخی بوشهر, کشورهای حوزه خلیجفارس.,
چکیده مقاله :
شناشیرها یکی از جذابیتهای فرمی بافت تاریخی بوشهر هستند که عنصر مشابه آن در سایر کشورهای خلیجفارس، «مشربیه» است. باتوجه به ارزش تاریخی این عناصر، بازشناسی آنها به کشف تفاوتها، شباهتها و درک ماهیت کاربردیشان در گذشته و استمرار بکارگیری آنها در معماری امروز، ضروری است. هدف تحقیق، مقایسه کالبدی و کارکردی شناشیر و مشربیه، جهت شناخت شاخصههای بومی، حفظ، احیا و بازبکارگیری آنها در معماری امروزی است. روش تحقیق کیفی و توصیفی-تحلیلی و راهبرد تحقیق، استقرایی است. گردآوری دادهها از طریق مطالعه اسنادی، مشاهده و مصاحبه است. جامعهآماری تحقیق، تمامی شناشیرهای بوشهر و در سایر کشورهای خلیج فارس، تعداد ۲۰۰ بنا به صورت هدفمند بوده است. نتایج نشان داد که مشربیهها بیشتر بر تزیینات و فرم، و شناشیرها بر نحوه ساخت و تطبیق کاربرد فضا، با زندگی ساکنین تمرکز دارند که نشان از تفاوت در بینش اسلامی و فرهنگ و نوع معیشت صاحبان بناها در این کشورها دارد.
Shanashirs are one of the formal attractions of Bushehr's historical architecture, which have played an important role in creating the beauty and visual diversity of the city. A large part of these elements are used in historical buildings that were built using wooden materials. Due to the low resistance of wood, and due to weather conditions, they have been destroyed or suffered a lot of damage. An element similar to Shanashir in the Arabic countries of the Persian Gulf region is Mashrabiya, which is used in a more prolific and diverse manner and with more details. Therefore, recognizing and examining the differences and similarities of these elements can provide practical help to researchers in these fields or architects to reuse these elements in today's buildings in Bushehr. Therefore, the purpose of this research. The comparative comparison of the elements of Shanashir and Mashrabiya is aimed at recognizing the local features of these elements and re-using these elements in today's architecture and trying to preserve and also revive models with historical value. In this regard, the research was done by answering the following questions, including What are the differences and similarities between Shanshirs and Mashrabiyas in the Persian Gulf region? what are the local characteristics of these elements? Accordingly, this writing has been done using the inductive research strategy. Data collection was done in the section of theoretical using reliable library sources. Moreover, field studies were conducted using observation and interviews. Interviews were used to get information about the restoration of buildings or possible changes in the form of the Shanashirs. The interview was conducted in a closed and regular manner with predetermined questions, and the interviewees were the old owners and residents of the buildings, as well as experts and professors of restoration and architecture. The observation cards of the buildings were prepared in advance and the authors completed them with field surveys and photography of different parts. Statistical population, all the remaining houses with Shanashir element in Bushehr port belonged to the Qajar period. The findings of the research showed that in Bushehr, Shanashirs do not have a special variety in terms of form and they differ only in the addition of some details. Bushehr Shanashirs had a practical role in interior spaces and were considered a place to connect the interior space with the house yard. But outside the house, these spaces have been used to create a view and landscape in a space away from the heat outside and away from the disturbing sight of strangers. Finally, it can be said that although the origin of Iran's Shanashirs was the Mashrabiyas of the Persian Gulf countries, but this element has significant differences with the Arab Mashrabiyas, and in a way, it has become a localized element and adapted to the climate and the culture of this region. Moreover, this shows that the culture of the people of Bushehr region over time influenced this imported architectural element and turned it into a special local element of this region.
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