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  • روابط متقابل میان جانداران خاک و تغییرات اقلیمی و کاربرد تجزیه‌های متا در تفسیر آن: مروری سیستماتیک

اشتراک گذاری

آدرس مقاله


کد مقاله : 8949 بازدید : 141 صفحه: 43 - 66

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

روابط متقابل میان جانداران خاک و تغییرات اقلیمی و کاربرد تجزیه‌های متا در تفسیر آن: مروری سیستماتیک

محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست

زاهد شریفی 1 , علی اکبر صفری سنجانی 2

1 - استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران. *(مسئوول مکاتبات).
2 - استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/02/10 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/04/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/07/01

کلید واژه: جانداران خاک, تغییرات اقلیم, مرور سیستماتیک, آنالیزهای متا,

چکیده مقاله :

ریزجانداران خاک در تولید و مصرف گازهای گل خانه ای یعنی دی اکسید کربن(CO2) ، متان(CH4) ، نیتروس اکسید (N2O)و نیتریک اکسید (NO)، نقش اساسی دارند. از طرف دیگر دلایل معتبری وجود دارد که تغییرات آب و هوا به گونه مستقیم و غیر مستقیم می تواند فراوانی و ساختار جامعه زنده خاک را دگرگون سازد. به گونه ای که نتایج حاصل از مرور سیستماتیک نشان داد که اثرات عمده مستقیم تغییرات آب و هوا بر روی جامعه میکروبی خاک احتمالاً به علت تغییر در میزان رطوبت و درجه حرارت است؛ در حالی که اثر افزایش (CO2)اتمسفر بر روی جامعه میکروبی خاک بیش تر به گونه غیرمستقیم، و از طریق اثری که این گاز بر روی افزایش فتوسنتز گیاهان دارد، می باشد، که این موضوع به نوبه خود می تواند سبب تغییر در کمیت و کیفیت کربن آلی وارد شده به خاک شود. به هر گونه، جانداران خاک بسته به نوع، اندازه بدن، عادت تغذیه ای، نوع اکوسیستم، اقلیم محلی و میزان بزرگی و طول دوره پارامتر اقلیمی پاسخ های متفاوتی را در برابر دگرگونی های اقلیمی از خود نشان می دهند. به گونه ای که نتایج آنالیزهای متا نشان می دهد که پاسخ جانداران خاک به افزایش میزان (CO2) اتمسفر به اندازه بدن، گروه تغذیه ای و نوع رویکرد آزمایش (مزرعه ای یا گل خانه ای) وابسته است. در حالی که چگونگی پاسخ جانداران خاک به تغییرات دما و بارندگی به اقلیم محلی و نوع اکوسیستم وابسته است. هم چنین اثرات افزایش(CO2) بر فراوانی جانداران خاک با زمان کاهش می یابد؛ در حالی که اثر دما و تغییر در بارندگی با زمان شدت می یابد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Soil microorganisms have important role at production and consumption of greenhouse gases,such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitric oxide (NO). On theother hand, there are valid reasons that climate changes can directly or indirectly alter the compositionand abundance of soil microbial communities. So that, the results of the systematic review showed thatthe main direct effects of climate changes on soil microbial communities are likely to be caused bychanges in temperature and moisture content. Howevr, the effects of increased CO2 levels onmicrobial communities are often indirect, as they are mediated by positive effects of the gas on plantphotosynthesis, which in turn changes in quantity and quality of soil C inputs. Any way, depending onthe taxonomy, body size, feeding habits, ecosystem type, local climate, treatment magnitude andduration, the patterns respons of the soil organisms in against of climate change parameters are differ.So that, the results of meta-analysis has show that the response of soil biota to elevated CO2, is dependon the trophic group, body size, and experimental approaches (field or greenhouse). Whereas, theresponse of soil biota to warming and altered precipitation are depend on local climate and ecosystemtype. Furthermore, the effects of increase CO2 on soil organism abundance diminished with time,however the effects of warming and altered precipitation intensified with time

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