طراحی شهری بیواربانیسم : نگرشی زیست- انسان محور به طراحی شهری (نمونه موردی: حاشیه رودخانه چشمه کیله تنکابن)
محورهای موضوعی :
معماری و شهرسازی
پریسا قبادی
1
,
رضا جعفریها
2
,
علی نیک نما
3
,
سید علیرضا عالی
4
1 - دکتری شهرسازی اسلامی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار معماری، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، مرکز آموزش عالی فنی و مهندسی بوئین زهرا، بوئین زهرا، قزوین، ایران.
3 - کارشناس ارشد طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز.
4 - کارشناس ارشد طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز.
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/11/01
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/05/22
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/10/01
کلید واژه:
رود,
بیواربانیسم,
زیست- انسان محور,
طراحی شهری,
چشمه کیله تنکابن,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: شهرسازی در گذشته به واسطه نگاه منسجم به شهر، و قائل نشدن تمایز میان طبیعت و بافت شهری، تاثیرات مثبتی برجای می گذاشت که امروزه در کمتر فضایی به چشم می خورد. متخصصین در پی به کارگیری رویکردهای کاربردی جدیدی، در طراحی و بازسازی فضاهای شهری هستند، تا بتوانند مشکلات موجود را، حل نمایند.
روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر به لحاظ روش، توصیفی- تحلیلی و به لحاظ هدف، از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی است.
یافتهها: دستاورد این پژوهش در بخش مبانی، معرفی بیواربانیسم به عنوان رویکردی جدید در طراحی شهری است که محیط زیست شهری را به عنوان یک شی زنده بسیار پیچیده در نظر گرفته و در تلاش به منظور ارتباط عناصر طبیعی و نیازهای انسان است و شهرسازی را به طور جدایی ناپذیری با زیستشناسی مرتبط میداند. با تحلیل سه نمونه موردی انتخابی بر اساس اجزای تشکیل دهنده بیواربانیسم، چگونگی راهکارهای مبتنی بر آنها بررسی و در انتها حاشیه رودخانه چشمه کیله تنکابن به عنوان مورد پژوهی داخلی و بومی، تحلیل و بخش هایی از آن به عنوان خرد پروژههای انتخابی طراحی گردید.
بحث و نتیجهگیری: این نوع جدید از رویکرد شهری و کاربرد آن در ایران ممکن است با تعداد زیادی از محدودیت ها نظیر: هزینه های نگهداری بالا، آگاهی کم افکار عمومی از مزایای آن و منافع واگرا بازار املاک و مستغلات روبرو شود، اما می توان به تدریج از طریق یک ارتقای مفهوم به صورت گسترده و از طریق بالا بردن سطح آگاهی در مورد سودمندی خدمات اکوسیستمی و تعامل گروه های هدف بزرگتر به مشکلات فائق آمد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Urbanization in the past, due to a coherent view of the city and not distinguishing between nature and urban context, left positive effects that are seen today. Experts are seeking to apply new practical approaches in the design and reconstruction of urban spaces, so that they can solve the existing problems.
Material and Methodology: The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and applied research in terms of purpose.
Findings: The achievement of this research in theoretical foundations is the introduction of bio-urbanism as a new approach in urban design that considers the urban environment as a very complex living object and tries to connect natural elements and human needs and sees urbanism as inseparably linked with biology. By analyzing three selected case examples based on the components of biourbanism, how the solutions based on them were investigated, and finally, the edge of the Kileh Tankabon spring river as a domestic and local research case, was analyzed and parts of it were designed as a sample of the selected projects.
Discussion and Conclusion: This new type of urban approach and its application in Iran may face a large number of limitations, such as: high maintenance costs, low public awareness of its benefits, and diverging interests of the real estate market. But it is possible to gradually overcome the problems through a broad concept promotion and by raising the level of awareness about the usefulness of ecosystem services and the interaction of larger target groups.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Caperna, A., 2015. Biourbanism as a new epistemological perspective between science, design and nature. Back to basics: human physiology, psychology and place-making. ARCC network and the Feeling Good Foundation.London,18 November 2015.
Tracada E, Caperna A, Serafini S., 2013. Biourbanism as Neuroergonomics in Design. International conference “Towards a Progressive Arts Education: Inclusion, Change and Intervention”.British Library, London, UK and the University of the Arts, London, UK, from 6th-8th November, 2013.
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Caperna, A., 2011. A note by the President of the International Society of Biourbanism, Journal of Biourbanism JBU 1. Availableon:http://journalofbiourbanism.org/category/jbu-n-1-2011/ (accessed 30.10.2013).
2-Krabbendam, L. and Van Os, J., 2005. Schizophrenia and urbanicity: a major environmental influence conditional on genetic risk. Schizophrenia bulletin, 31(4), 795-799. Available at http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/31
Tracada, E. and Caperna, A., 2012, September. Biourbanism for a healthy city: Biophilia and sustainable urban theories and practices. In the Proceedings (Vol. 4).
World Health Organization, 1991. Environmental health in urban development: report of a WHO expert committee [meeting held in Geneva from 17 to 23 April 1990].
Bejan, A. and Lorente, S., 2013. Constructal law of design and evolution: Physics, biology, technology, and society. Journal of Applied Physics, 113(15), p.6. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4798429, last accessed on 01/07/2013.
biourbanism.org/research, last accessed on 20/07/2013.
journalofbiourbanism.org, 01/07/2013.
Tracada, E. and Caperna, A., 2013. A new paradigm for deep sustainability: biourbanism' in the Proceedings of International Conference & Exhibition 'Application of Efficient & Renewable Energy Technologies in Low Cost Buildings and Construction', 16th-18th September 2013, Ankara, pp367-381.
Caperna, A., 2015. Biourbanism as a new epistemological perspective between science, design and nature. Back to basics: human physiology, psychology and place-making. ARCC network and the Feeling Good Foundation.London,18 November 2015.
Tracada E, Caperna A, Serafini S., 2013. Biourbanism as Neuroergonomics in Design. International conference “Towards a Progressive Arts Education: Inclusion, Change and Intervention”.British Library, London, UK and the University of the Arts, London, UK, from 6th-8th November, 2013.
http://www.biourbanism.org/biourbanism-definition/
12-Village, V., 2016. Call Sheet from Bio-Urbanism to Indian Cities (Bachelor degree dissertation, ANNA University)
http://www.designboom.com/project/urban-acupuncture/
Salingaros, N. A. (2001). international Society of Biourbanism. [Online].
Batty, M. and Longley, P.A., 1994. Fractal cities: a geometry of form and function. Academic press.
https://fractalenlightenment.com/14556/fractals/the-fractal-structure-of-hindu-temples-16
biourbanism.org/peer-peer-p2p-urbanism/C
Farroc.com
James Corner Field Operations., 2013. Qianhai-Water City-Green Terrace: Shenzhen Qianhai Development Parcel H Landscape Planning Submission. Beijing Tsinghua Tong Heng Planning and Design Research Institute Co., Ltd. Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute.
cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au
Niknama, Ali(2015); Green design of road on the edge of Kileh Tonkabon spring river based on landscape ecology, Master's thesis, Tabriz University of Islamic Arts, Tabriz