الگو شناسی کالبدی و فضایی خانه ایرانی در اقلیم گرم و خشک (مورد مطالعه: خانه عباسیان کاشان)
محورهای موضوعی : کالبدیوحید میرزایی 1 , حسن سجادزاده 2 , نسیم خانلو 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بروجرد، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه شهرسازی، واحد تهران شرق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: مسکونی, خانه عباسیان, اقلیم گرم و خشک, کالبد,
چکیده مقاله :
در طول تمام دوران خانه در فرهنگ ایرانیان به خصوص بعد از اسلام دارای اهمیت بسزایی است. خانه از جهت حفظ حریم خانواده به عنوان مکانی مقدس شناخته شده، دسترسی بیرون به درون خانه ایرانی دارای شبکه فضایی نظامی می‌باشد. این شبکه، فضای عمومی و خصوصی خانه را در سه‌لایه، لایه اول؛ فضای باز، لایه دوم؛ فضای پوشیده و لایه سوم؛ فضای بسته مورد تفکیک قرار داده است. زیرا ورود به خانه دارای درجه اهمیت و سلسه‌مراتب دسترسی به تمام نقاط خانه ایرانی یک اصل جداناشدنی معماری سکونتگاه‌ها است. هرچند در سال‌های اخیر گسست فضایی عناصر معماری از مقیاس خرد تا کلان، کالبد سکونتگاه شهرهای تاریخی ایران را دچار بی‌هویتی نموده است. ازاین‌رو خانه‌های تاریخی ایران گنجینه‌ای از مفاهیم و الگوهای طراحی، همچنین منبع الهام برای معماری خانه‌های معاصر در دسترس است. با بازشناسی و درک صحیح نظام فضایی می‌توان شرایط آسایش بصری، استفاده بهینه از فضا را دستور کار معماری حال حاضر قرارداد. لذا پژوهش حاضر از نوع تحقیقات توسعه‌ای و از لحاظ روش از نوع تحقیقات تاریخی - توصیفی به طور خاص خانه تاریخی عباسیان کاشان را موردمطالعه قرار داده است. بررسی انجام شده بیان گر مشخصه های عناصر فضایی با هدف ایجاد سلسله مراتب، پیوستگی فضایی که خود انسجام بخش در تمام فضاها در نظام جزء به کل الگو حاکم بر معماری خانه تاریخی است، در متن مقاله الگو های ارائه شده شناسایی مفصل های انسجام بخش، به عنوان فضاهای بینابین، عامل پیوستگی ساختار فضایی سکونتگاهای ایران ارائه شده است.
References
Abbaszadeghan, M. (2002). Urban design: the method of arranging space in the process of urban design with a look at the city of Yazd. URBAN MANAGEMENT, 9(3), 64-75.
Aghalatifi, A. (2019). Impression of meaning of home from physical transformation in Contemporary Era of Tehran. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 23(4), 41-54. doi:10.22059/jfaup.2018.219937.671690
Akrami, G., & Zare, F. (2013). Housing Design in the traditional urban texture* Case study: Design in the traditional texture of Qom. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 18(2), 55-68. doi:10.22059/jfaup.2013.50534
Aliabadi, M. (2012). The state of " Reason" in the meaning of " City Stability", A different view to the theory of Islamic Architecture & Urbanism. Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies, 1(1), 25-37.
Asefi, M., & Imani, E. (2012). Evaluation of the Challenges of the application of new Technologies in Architecture: The Interaction with Iran’s Islamic Architectural Values. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh- E Nazar, 9(21), 21-34.
Asl, E. G. (2018). Investigation of the spatial desirability of traditional houses based on functional efficiency components (Case study: Qajar Houses of Yazd City. Haft Hesar Journal of Environmental Studies, 6(23), 107-121.
Azeri, A. R. K., Hosseini, S. B., Sedghpour, B. S., & Hosseini, A. S. (2016). Design principles of residential space to enhance children's (3-7 years old) creativity in iran (Case study:Tehran district 4). Bagh-e Nazar, 13(41), 19-34.
Bafna, S. (2003). Space syntax: A brief introduction to its logic and analytical techniques. Environment and Behavior, 35(1), 17-29.
Balilan Asl, L. (2016). Analysis of the spatial structure of the city of Tabriz in the Safavid period with a comparative comparison of travelogues and visual documents. Bagh-e Nazar, 13(38), 45-56.
Balilan Asl, L., & sattarzadeh, D. (2015). The Role of In-Between Space in the Spatial Organization of Urban and Architectural Elements. Case Study: Tabriz City in Ghajar Period. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 17(2), 169-181.
Behpur, Z., Shoaei, H. R., & Nabimeybodi, M. (2019). Space Syntax the way to Perceive Arrangement the Spaces of the House in Yazd city, (Periods Qajar, Pahlavi and Islamic Republic). Journal of Architecture Hot and dry climate, 6(8), 47-75.
Dorri, A., & Talischi, G. (2017). Explaining the Transparency of the Spatial Structure of Iranian Architecture in the Safavid era (Case Study: Hasht Behesht pavilion and Imam Mosque in Isfahan). Journal of Studies On Iranian - Islamic City, 7(27), 41-50.
Dursun, P. (2007). Space syntax in architectural design. Paper presented at the 6th international space syntax symposium.
Einifar, A., Zabihi, H., & Sasani, M. (2015). An Anthropological Study of " In-between Space" in the Traditional and Contemporary Houses in Shiraz City. Iranian Journal of Anthropology Research, 5(1), 7-26.
Ghadami, M., Divsalar, A., Ranjbar, Z., & Aghamahali, T. G. (2013). Strategic Assessment of City Spatial Structure in Sustainability Framework (The Case of the City of Sari). Journal of Urban Economics and Management, 1(3), 1-16.
gharaei, a., Zebardast, E., & Majedi, H. (2020). Typology of Sustainable Urban Form and Urban Structure, With a view to Tehran. Hoviate shahr, 14(41), 17-32.
Ghorbani, M., & Bacvar, S. (2020). Evaluating the effect of biophilic architecture principles on the quality of housing design in the northern climate of Iran (Case study: Gorgan). Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 12(2), 405-424.
Golestani, S., Hojat, I., & Saedvandi, M. (2018). A survey on spatial integration and the process of evolution in the Iranian mosque. HOnar - ha - ye - ziba Memari - va - shahrsazi, 9(72), 29-44.
Golshan, H. H. (2015). Space Syntax, a Brief Review on its Origins and Methods in Architecture and Urban Design Case Study: Brojerdiha Mansion, Kashan, IRAN. HOnar - ha - ye - ziba Memari - va - shahrsazi, 7(62), 85-92.
Haghir, S., & Salavati, K. (2020). Iranians’ Positive Criticism on European Architecture and Its Correlation with Their Negative Criticism on Iranian Architecture and Town Planning during the Late Qajar Era. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh- E Nazar, 17(83), 5-14. doi:10.22034/bagh.2019.188582.4146
Hayeri, M. (2008). Critical evaluation of the book Description of intellectual currents in Iranian architecture and urban planning. Ainie Khial, 8(1), 68-71.
Heidari, A., & Gasemian, I. (2017). Analysis of Spatial Structure of Traditional Iranian Homes Using Spatial Syntax Method: A Case Study: Comparison of Yazd, Kashan and Isfahan Houses. Islamic Iranian city studies, 7(28), 21-33.
Heidari, A. A., Peyvastehgar, Y., & Kiaee, M. (2016). Residential Block Grading Analysis from Criminology Perspective Using Space Syntax Techniques. HOnar - ha - ye - ziba Memari - va - shahrsazi, 8(67), 91-101.
Imani, N., & Saboori, N. (2014). Architectural Thought in Contemporary Theories of Architecture. Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning, 6(12), 77-.
Karimzadeh, S., & Lashkari, H. (2020). Analysis and calculation of the most suitable building direction from a climatic perspective using the law of cosines in the city of Saqqez. Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 12(3), 1-16.
Memarian, G. H., Madahi, S. M., Aeini, S., & Abdolahi, A. (2018). Investigating the Effects of Walls on Reducing Energy Consumption in Traditional-residential Areas of Kashan, Case Study: Boroujerdi House. Journal of Architect, Urban Design & Urban Planning, 10(21), 113-124.
Memarian, G. H., Soltan Ahmadi, B., & Azanoosh, M. (2018). A new theory about the history of the first arch beam construction in Iranian architecture. Iranian Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning, 14(14), 75-.
Mirmoghtadaee, M. (2009). Process of Housing Transformation in Iran. Journal of Construction in developing Countries, 14(1).
Montello, D. R. (2007). The contribution of space syntax to a comprehensive theory of environmental psychology. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, -Istanbul, iv-1-12. Retrieved from http://www. spacesyntaxistanbul. itu. edu. tr/papers/invitedpapers/daniel-montello. pdf.
Nazarpoor, M. T., Vaghar, P. S., & Heidari, A. (2018). Development of Dormitory Physics Regarding to the Sociability by Using Space Syntax Methodology, Case Study: Hakim Sabzevari Dormitory in Sabzevar University. Journal of Architect, Urban Design & Urban Planning, 10(21), 247-265.
Norouzi, R. (2013). Conceptual Review of " Node" in Physical Organization of Architecture. Journal of Architecture Hot and dry climate, 2(3), 19-.
Nourtaghani, A. (2017). The relationship between system of activities and configuration Kuhdasht houses with space syntax approach. HOnar - ha - ye - ziba Memari - va - shahrsazi, 9(69), 65-74.
Rokni, N., & Ahmadi, V. (2017). Analyze of the hidden spatial system of residential vernacular architecture of Mashhad-based on the theory of space syntax. Journal of Greate Khorasan, 7(26), 39-58.
Sabri, C. R. (2012). Designing for Achievement of Sustainable Vernacular Patterns in a Cultural Context. Environmental Sciences, 10(1), 29-40.
Setayeshgar, E., & Moztarzadeh, H. (2020). Explain the conceptual model of business facade formation with the aim of promoting visual comfort and aesthetics in urban spaces. Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 12(3), 113-127.
Shayesteh, H., & Steadman, P. (2013). The impacts of regulations and legislation on residential built forms in Tehran. The Journal of Space Syntax, 4(1), 92-107.
Sheykhbahaiee, A. R. (2019). Study of the principle of Introversion in Iranian housing based on the space syntax method. URBAN MANAGEMENT, 18(54), 63-78.
Soheili, J., & Arefiyan, E. (2016). Analysis of socio-human relations in the school mosque Qajar Qazvin spaces based on space syntax. Human Geography Research Quarterly, 48(97), 475-491.
Soleimani, M., & Mondegari, K. (2017). Iranian Traditional Home Aesthetics: Recognition Aesthetics Elements Based on Grounded Theory (Case Study: Yazd). Hoviatshahr, 10(4), 67-78.
Tabarsa, M., & Hoseini, M. (2019). Comparison of Spatial Structure of Historical Contexts and New Neighborhood Development Based on Space Syntax Technique (Case Study: Gorgan Historical Texture & Farhangian Neigbourhood). Journal of Iranian Architecture and Urbanism, 9(16), 5-16.
Tabibian, M., Charbgoo, N., & Abdolahimehr, E. (2012). The Principle of Hierarchy Reflection in Islamic Iranian Cities. Journal of Architect, Urban Design & Urban Planning, 4(7), 63-.
Tavakolinia, J., & Sarafi, M. (2018). Comparative analysis of approaches related to the Iranian-Islamic city. Iranian Islamic City Studies Quarterly, 7(28), 5-20.