شناسایی صفات مورفولوژیکی موثر در میزان اسانس لعل کوهستان در شرایط زراعی

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی و فیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی و معطر

سید محمد حسین آل عمرانی نژاد ¹ , علی رضوانی اقدم ²

1 - گروه کشاورزی، واحد بین المللی خرمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرمشهر، ایران
2 - گروه کشاورزی، واحد بین المللی خرمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرمشهر، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/11/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/04/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/03/31

کلید واژه: همبستگی, رگرسیون, اسانس, خصوصیات‌ مورفولوژیکی, لعل‌ کوهستان, مدل ارتباطی,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی روابط بین صفات مورفولوژیکی با درصد اسانس و اجزای آن در جمعیت‌های لعل کوهستان (Oliveria decombens L.)، بذور 25 رویشگاه طبیعی به عنوان تیمار در سال زراعی 99-1398 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شرکت شهید بهشتی دزفول در قالب طرح آزمایشی بلوک کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار کشت شد. نتایج بیانگر وجود تنوع قابل توجهی در بین جمعیت‎ها از نظر صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی بود. تجزیه عاملی صفات فیتوشیمیایی نشان داد میریستیسین، تیمول و کارواکرول بیشترین بار عاملی را به ترتیب در مولفه های اول، دوم و سوم به خود اختصاص دادند و تجزیه خوشه‎ای بر همین اساس، جمعیت‎های مورد مطالعه را در 5 گروه مستقل از هم تقسیم کرد. تطابق نتایج همبستگی و معادلات رگرسیونی نشان داد صفات تعداد چترک در بوته، وزن خشک و تر یکصد چترک در یک مدل ارتباطی بیشترین تأثیر را در بازده اسانس و ترکیبات غالب آن ایفا کردند. به همین دلیل در برنامه‎های به‎نژادی و گزینش جمعیت‎های برتر این گیاه دارویی نقش موثری دارند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to investigate the relationship between morphological traits and the percentage of essential oil and its components in Lal Kohistan (Oliveria decombens L.) populations, this research was conducted in 2018 in the research farm of Shahid Beheshti Dezful Company in the form of a randomized complete block experimental design with 3 replications. In the spring of 2019, 5 plants from each plot were collected in full flowering stage and 19 quantitative traits were evaluated. Characteristics of stem diameter, shoot diameter, leaf length and width by diameter gauge or caliper, plant height characteristics, internode length, stem leaf width and length using a ruler and weight measurements using a digital scale with an accuracy of one The hundredth gram was done. Also, the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and the ratio of chlorophyll a to b were measured using the fresh leaves of the plant using the Arnone method. After drying the samples in the shade, the ratio of dry to wet weight of 100 cheetahs was obtained. In order to calculate the percentage of essential oil, 50 grams of dried flower of each sample was randomly selected and after grinding, it was poured into a one-liter flask and 300 milliliters of water was added to it. Then, for 4 hours continuously, essential oil extraction was done using the method of distillation with water by Cloninger machine, according to the pharmacopoeia. Then the obtained essential oil was carefully weighed and the percentage of essential oil was calculated based on the dry flower weight of each sample. The measurement of essential oil compounds was done using gas chromatography with mass spectrometer (GC_Mass) and gas chromatography (GC) in the laboratory of Jihad University Medicinal Plants Research Institute. Comparison of Tukey means of traits, determination of simple Pearson correlation coefficients, decomposition into principal components using Varimax rotation method, cluster analysis using Euclidean distance coefficient using Ward method and multivariate or multiple regression test using stepwise method. The step was performed by Minitab software version 18. The results indicated the presence of significant diversity among the populations in terms of morphological and phytochemical traits. Factor analysis of phytochemical traits showed that myristicin, thymol, and carvacrol had the highest factor loadings in the first, second, and third components, respectively, and cluster analysis, based on this, divided the studied populations into 5 independent groups. Divided. The appearance characteristics of the plant have the greatest effect on the biosynthesis of the chemical compounds of the plant. Correlation results and regression equations showed that the characteristics of the number of stipules per plant, dry and wet weight of 100 stipules played the greatest effect on the yield of essential oil and its dominant compounds in a correlation model. Considering the indiscriminate harvesting of this plant in recent years from natural habitats and its lack of cultivation in agricultural conditions, it seems that the use of correlation coefficients and multivariate statistical analyzes of morphological traits are effective in essential oil production. , can be a strategic measure in identifying effective external markers in the process of breeding and selecting superior populations.