بررسی اثر تنشهای خشکی و شوری بر میزان ترکیبات فنلی گیاه دارویی Thymus vulgaris L.

محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی

افسانه صیادی ¹ , جعفر احمدی ² , بهور اصغری ³ , سید محسن حسینی ⁴

1 - کارشناس ارشد -گروه تولید واصلاح نباتات -دانشگاه بین الملل امام خمینی (ره)
2 - دانشیار -گروه تولید واصلاح نباتات -دانشگاه بین الملل امام خمینی (ره)
3 - استاد یار -گروه تولید واصلاح نباتات -دانشگاه بین الملل امام خمینی (ره)
4 - استادیار -گروه تولید واصلاح نباتات -دانشگاه بین الملل امام خمینی (ره)

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/07/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/10/09 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/12/01

کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, تنش شوری, آویشن, ترکیبات فنلی, کروماتوگرافی,

چکیده مقاله :

ترکیبات فنلی گیاه آویشن باغی(Thymus vulgaris L.) از جمله مهم‌ترین فرآورده‌های آنتی اکسیدانی آن می‌باشد که در صنعت داروسازی مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. بدین منظور در این تحقیق تغییرات کمی ترکیبات فنلی گیاهدارویی آویشنتحت تنش خشکی و شوری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این تحقیقدر سال 1392در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه و آزمایشگاه دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره) اجرا گردید. عصاره‌گیری به روش ماسراسیون انجام گرفت و ترکیبات فنلی با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا (HPLC) اندازه‌گیری گردید. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که تنش شوری و خشکی اثر معنی‌داری (1%≥P) در میزان تیمول و سایر ترکیبات فنلی دارند. در تنش خشکی مقادیر وانیلیک اسید، تیمول، کافئیک اسید، کلروژنیک اسید، پاراکوماریک اسید، فرولیک اسید وسالیسیلیک اسید به‌ترتیب 189، 48، 144، 158، 153، 137 و 84 درصد نسبت به شرایط بدون تنش (شاهد) افزایش نشان دادند. مقدار ترکیبات بررسی شده در اثر تنش شوری نیز تغییراتی نشان داد اما این تغییرات در مقایسه با تنش خشکی قابل توجه نبود. بیشترین افزایش در تنش شوری مربوط به ترکیب رزمارینیک اسید بود که نسبت به شاهد افزایش 3/36 درصدی را نشان ‌داد.

منابع و مأخذ:

1.Aleksandra, C.M., Neda, M.M., Anamarija I. M, Marijana, B.S., Ivan, L.M., and Ivana, J. S.2011. Development of a rapid resolution HPLC methodfor the separation and determination of 17phenolic compounds in crude plant extracts. Central European Journal of Chemistry, 9(1): 133-142.

2.Aliabadi-Farahani, H., Valadabadi, S.A., Daneshian, J., and Khalvati, M.A. 2009. Evaluation changing of essential oil of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under water deficit stress conditions. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 3: 329-333.

3.Ashraf, M., and Orooj, A. 2006. Salt stress effects on growth, ion accumulation and seed oil concentration in an arid zone traditional medicinal plant ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi). Journal of Arid Environments, 64: 209-220.

4.Ashraf, M., and Akhtar, N., 2004. Influence of salt stress on growth, ion accumulation and seed oil content in sweet fennel. Bologia Plantarum, 48(3): 461-464.

5.Azza, A., Ezz El-Din, Eman E., Aziz, S.F., Hendawy and Omer, E.A. 2009. Response of Thymus vulgaris L. to Salt Stress and Alar (B9) in Newly Reclaimed Soil. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 5(12): 2165-2170.

6.Babaee, K., Amin iDehaghi, M., Modares Sanavi, S.A.M., and Jabbari, R. 2010.Water deficit effect on morphology, prolin content and thymol percentage of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(2): 239-250.

7.Bahreininejad, B., Razmjoo, J., and Mirza, M. 2013. Influence of water stress on morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits in Thymus daenensis. International Journal of Plant Production, 7(1):155-166.

8.Baidez, A.G., Gomez, P., Del Rio, J.A., and Ortuno, A. 2007. Dys functionality of the xylem in Oleaeuropaea L. plants associated with the infection process by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. Role of phenolic compounds in plant defense mechanism. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55: 3373–3377.

9.Bartls, D. and Sourer, E. 2004.Molecular responses of higher plants to dehydration. In: Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress, Spring Verlag Berlin, Heildelberg, 9-38.

10.Dow, A.I., Cline, T.A., and Horning, E.V. 1981. Salt tolerance studies on irrigated pepermint. Agricultural Research Center, Washington State University, Bulletin 0906.

11.Dunford, N.T., and Vazquez, R.S. 2005. Effect of water stress on plant growth and thymol and carvacolconcentractions in Mexican oregano grown under controlled conditions. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 7: 20-22.

12.El-Keltawi, N.E., and Croteau, R. 1986. Influence of foliar applied cytokinins on growth and essential oil content of several members of Lamiaceae. Phytochemistry, 26: 891-895.

13.El-Keltawi, N.E., and Croteau, R. 1987. Salinity depression of growth and essential oil formation in spearmint and marjoram and its reversal by foliar applied cytokinin. Phytochemistry, 26:1333-1334.

14.Eman, E., Aziz, S.T., Hendawi, Ezz El Din, A., and Omer, E.A. 2008. Effect of soil type and irrigation intervals on plant growth, essential oil yild and constituents of Thymus vulgarisplant. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 4:443-450.

15.Ghorbanali, M., Baher, Z., Mirza, M., and Rezaei, M.B. 2001. Evaluation of some growth parameters and quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition Saturejasahendica under different irrigation regimes during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Iranian Journal of Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 52: 40-45.

16.Ghorbanali, M., and Niakan, M. 2005. Evaluation of drought stress effect on soluble sugars content, protein, prolin and phenolic compounds and nitrate reeducates activity in soybean cultivar Gorgan 3, Iranian Journal of Science Education, 1(2): 537-550.

17.Hornok, L. 1996. Essential oil of Matricaria chamomillais affected by irrigation regime and nitrogen in in two cultivars. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 13:169-175.

18.Huang, W.Y., Cai, Y.Z., and Zhang, Y. 2009. Natural phenolic compounds from medicinal Herbs and Dietary Plants: Potential use for cancer Prevention. Nutrition and cancer, 62:1-20.

19.Jaafar, H.Z.E. Ibrahim, M.H. and Fakri, N.F.M. 2012. Impact of soil field water capacity on secondary metabolites, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), maliondialdehyde (MDA) and photosynthetic responses of malaysiankacipfatimah (Labisiapumila). Molecules. 17: 7305-7322.

20.Norozpoor, G., and Rezvani-Moghaddam, P. 2006. Effect of different irrigation intervals and plant density on oil yield and essences percentage of black cumin (Nigella sativa). Iranian Journal of Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 19(4):133-138.

21. Omidbaigi, R. 2000. Production and processing of medicinal plants. Publications Astan Quds Razavi, Volume III, Second Edition.

22. Ozturk, A., Ipek, A., Unlukara, A., and Gurbuz, B. 2004. Effects of salt stress and water deficit on plant growth and essential oil content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 36(4):787-792. 

23.Pirzad, A., Alyari, H., Shakiba, M.R., Zehtab-Salmasi, S., and Mohammadi, A. 2006. Essential oil content and composition of German chamomile (Matriciria chamomilla L.) at different irrigation regimes. Agronomy Journal. 5: 451-455.

24.Prasad, A., Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., and Singh, D.V. 1996. Tolerance of mint plants to soil salinity. Journal of Indian Society Soil Science, 44(1):184-186.

25. Ramakrishna, A., and Ravishankar, G.A. 2011. Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 6: 1720-1731.

26.Riaz, P., Surendra, S., and Harting, H. 2007. Effect of irrigation intervals and splitted nitrogen on carvone content of Anethum graveolense L. grown in semi-arid region. Journal of Horticulture Environment Biotechnology, 41(4): 25-30.

27.Saharkhiz, M.J., Omidbaigi, R., and Sefidkon, F. 2007. The effect of different levels of phosphorus and irrigation on secondary metabolites of medicinal plant Matricaria chamomile. Iranian of Medicinal Plant Third Conference, Shahed University, 2-3 October.

28.Shi, M., Kwok, K.W., and Wu, J.Y. 2007. Enhancement of tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (red or Chinese sage) hairy-root culture by hyperosmotic stress and yeast elicitor. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 46: 191-196.

29.Olinas, V., Deiana, S., Gessa, C., Bazzoni, A., Loddo, M.A., and Satta, D. 1996. Effect of water and nutrionalconditiond on Rosmarinus officinalis phenolic fraction and essential oil yield. Rivista Italiana Emergency Preparedness Position on Timeliness, 19: 189-198.

30.Szczepanik, M., Zawitowska, B., and Szumny, A. 2012. Insecticidal activities of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its components (thymol and carvacrol) against larva of lesser mealworm, alphitobiusdiaperinuspanzer (coleopteran: tenebrionidae). Allelopathy Journal, 30(1):129-142.

31.Turtola, S., Manninen, A., Rikala, R., and Kainulainen, P. 2003. Drought stress alters the concentration of wood terpenoids in scots pine and Norway spruce seedling. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 29:1981-1995.

32.Udagawa, Y., Ito, T., Tognoni, F., Namiki, T., Nukaya, A., and Maruo, T. 1995. Some responses of dill (Anethum graveolens) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) grown in hydroponics to the concentration of nutrient solution. Acta Horticulture, 396: 203-210.

33.Zargari, A. 1990. Medicinal Plants. Sixth Edition, university of Tehran publisher. 312p.

34.Zeghad, N., and Merghan, R. 2013. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Thymus vulgaris L. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Journal, 1(1):5-11.