بررسی اثر اسانس گیاه دارویی Foeniculum vulgar Miller بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه‌های دو علف هرز Malva sylvestris L. و Chenopodium album L.
محورهای موضوعی :
تکنولوژی بذر
سید امیرحمزه بهاری میمندی
1
,
امید علیزاده
2
,
شهرام شرف زاده
3
,
فرود بذرافشان
4
,
بهرام امیری
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه کشاورزی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه کشاورزی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران
5 - استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/10/13
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/12/17
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/13
کلید واژه:
سلمه‌تره,
آللوپاتی,
اسانس,
جوانه‌زنی,
پنیرک,
آلفا آمیلاز,
رازیانه,
متیل کاویکول,
آنتول,
چکیده مقاله :
استفاده مداوم از علف کش ها باعث افزایش مقاومت علف های هرز و همچنین کاهش کیفیت خاک و آب های زیرزمینی شده است .در این تحقیق که با هدف بررسی اثر اسانس رازیانه بر میزان جوانه زنی و رشد گیاهچه های علف های هرز پنیرک و سلمه‌تره در شرایط آزمایشگاهی، به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سال 1399 در آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی بنیاد تعاون شهرستان رودان استان هرمزگان اجرا شد، به‌ترتیب بذرهای گیاه رازیانه توسط دستگاه کلونجر و با روش تقطیر با آب اسانس گیری و ترکیبات اسانس با استفاده از دستگاههای GC و GC-MS شناسایی گردید که بالاترین درصد اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس میوه، به‌ترتیب مربوط به ای- آنتول (92/66 درصد)، متیل کاویکول (54/14 درصد)، فنکون (01/7 درصد) و لیمونن (84/6 درصد) بود. بذر علف های هرز پس از ضدعفونی با هیپوکلراید سدیم و سپس خشک شدن، تحت تأثیر غلظت‌های 0 (آب مقطر)، 200، 400، 600، 800 و 1000 میکرولیتر بر لیتر اسانس رازیانه در شرایط مناسب نوری و دمای 25 درجه‌سانتی‌گراد قرار داده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اسانس رازیانه باعث کاهش درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی، طول ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه علف های هرز پنیرک و سلمه تره شد. با افزایش غلظت اسانس، درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی بذر آن‌ها نیز به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. به طور کلی واکنش علف‌های هرز مورد بررسی به اسانس رازیانه متفاوت بود، به نحوی که حساسیت پنیرک نسبت به سلمه تره بیشتر بود و بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی اسانس بر روی جوانه‌زنی بذر پنیرک و سلمه تره در غلظت 1000 میکرو لیتر در لیتر اسانس بود، به نحوی که در مورد پنیرک، جوانه‌زنی به‌طور کامل متوقف گردید. شاخص آللوپاتی در غلظت 1000 میکرو لیتر در لیتر اسانس رازیانه برای پنیرک و سلمه تره به‌ترتیب برابر با 1- و 83/0- بود. با توجه به نتایج مربوطه، کاربرد اسانس رازیانه به میزان 1000 میکرو لیتر در لیتر برای کنترل علف های هرز پنیرک و سلمه تره توصیه می گردد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Continued use of herbicides has increased the resistance of weeds to them and also reduced the quality of soil and groundwater. Due to the herbicidal properties of plant essential oils, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fennel essential oil on seed germination and seedling growth of common mallow and white goosefoot in laboratory conditions, which was performed as a factorial in a completely randomized design in the research laboratory of the Cooperative Foundation of Rudan city, Hormozgan province, in 2016 . The essential oils were extracted from Fennel seeds by hydrodistillation by using a clevenger apparatus and were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that the highest percentages of seeds essential oil components were related to e-anethole (66.92%), methyl chavicol (14.54%), fenchone (7.01%) and limonene (6.84%), respectively. Weed seeds after disinfection with sodium hypochlorite and then drying, exposed to concentrations of 0 (distilled water), 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 μl/l of fennel essential oil in suitable light conditions at 25 °C. Based on the results the Fennel essential oil reduced the percentage and speed of seed germination, root and shoot length of common mallow and white goosefoot. With increasing the concentration of essential oil, the percentage and speed of seed germination also decreased significantly. In general, the response of the studied weeds to fennel essential oil was different; In a way, the common mallow was more sensitive to white goosefoot. The greatest inhibitory effect on the germination of common mallow and white goosefoot seeds was related to the concentration of 1000 μl/l of essential oil, so that in the case of common mallow, germination stopped completely. Allelopathy index at a concentration of 1000 μl/l fennel essential oil for common mallow and white goosefoot was -1 and -0.83, respectively.According to the results, the use of 1000 μl/l fennel essential oil is recommended to control common mallow and white goosefoot.
منابع و مأخذ:
Hazrati, H., Saharkhiz, M.J., Niakousari, M. and Moein, M. 2017. Natural herbicide activity of Satureja hortensis essential oil nanoemulsion on the seed germination and morphophysiological features of two important weed species. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 142: 423-430.
Jiang, C., Zhou, S., Liu, L., Toshmatov, Z., Huang, L., Shi, K. and Shao, H. 2021. Evaluation of the phytotoxic effect of the essential oil from Artemisia absinthium. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 226: 112856.
Karalija, E., Dahija, S., Parić, A. and Zeljković, S.Ć. 2020. Phytotoxic potential of selected essential oils against Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, an invasive tree. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 15: 100219.
Kaur, P., Gupta, S., Kaur, K., Kaur, N., Kumar, R. and Bhullar, M.S. 2021. Nanoemulsion of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil: A propitious striver against weeds of Triticum aestivum. Industrial Crops and Products, 168: 113601.
Laosinwattana, C., Wichittrakarn, P. and Teerarak, M. 2018. Chemical composition and herbicidal action of essential oil from Tagetes erecta leaves. Industrial crops and products, 126: 129-134.
Maccioni, A., Santo, A., Falconieri, D., Piras, A., Farris, E., Maxia, A. and Bacchetta, G. 2020. Phytotoxic effects of Salvia rosmarinus essential oil on Acacia saligna seedling growth. Flora, 269: 151639.
Nasr Isfahan, M. and Shariati, M. 2007. The effect of some allelochemicals on seed germination of Coronilla varia seeds. American–Eurasian Journal Agricalture Environmental Science, 2(5): 534-538.
Omezzine, F., Ladhari, A., Rinez, A. and Haouala, R. 2011. Potent herbicidal activity of Inula crithmoïdes Scientia Horticulturae, 130(4): 853-861.
Rather, M.A., Dar, B.A., Sofi, S.N., Bhat, B.A. and Qurishi, M.A. 2016. Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9: S1574-S1583.
Richardson, D.R. and Williamson, G.B. 1988. Allelopathic effects of shrubs of the sand pine scrub on pines and grasses of the sandhills. Forest Science, 34(3): 592-605.
Sabzi Nojadeh, M., Pouresmaeil, M., Younessi-Hamzekhanlu, M. and Venditti, A. 2021. Phytochemical profile of fennel essential oils and possible applications for natural antioxidant and controlling Convolvulus arvensis Natural Product Research, 35(21): 4164-4168.
Safahani, A.R. and Ghooshchi, F. 2014. Allelopathic effects of aqueous and residue of different weeds on germination and seedling growth of wheat. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 27(1): 100-109. [In Persian with English Summary].
Saharkhiz, M.J., Ashiri, F., Salehi, M.R., Ghaemaghami, J. and Mohammadi, S. 2009. Allelopathic potential of essential oils from Carum copticum, Cuminum cyminum L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Zataria multiflora Boiss. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 3(1): 32-35.
Saharkhiz, M.J., Smaeili, S. and Merikhi, M. 2010. Essential oil analysis and phytotoxic activity of two ecotypes of Zataria multiflora growing in Iran. Natural Product Research, 24(17): 1598-1609.
Stephane, F.F. Y. and Jules, B.K.J. 2020. Terpenoids as important bioactive constituents of essential oils. In essential oils-bioactive compounds, new perspectives and applications. London, UK: IntechOpen.
Taban, A., Saharkhiz, M.J. and Hadian, J. 2013. Allelopathic potential of essential oils from four Satureja Biological agriculture & horticulture, 29(4): 244-257.
Tandon, S. 2019. Degradation of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and its metabolite in soil and wheat crops. Journal of Food Protection, 82(11): 1959-1964.
Tandon, S. and Pant, R. 2019. Kinetics of diuron under aerobic condition and residue analysis in sugarcane under subtropical field conditions. Environmental technology, 40(1): 86-93.
Tavallali, V., Rowshan, V., Gholami, H. and Hojati, S. 2020. Iron-urea nano-complex improves bioactive compounds in essential oils of Ocimum basilicum Scientia Horticulturae, 265: 109222.
Teerarak, M., Laosinwattana, C. and Charoenying, P. 2010. Evaluation of allelopathic, decomposition and cytogenetic activities of Jasminum officinale f. var. grandiflorum (L.) Kob. on bioassay plants. Bioresource Technology, 101(14): 5677-5684.
Yarnia, M., Benam, M.K., Tabrizi, E.F.M., Nobari, N. and Ahmadzadeh, V. 2011. Effect of planting dates and density in drought stress condition on yield and yield components of Amaranth cv. Koniz. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(6): 1139-1150.
Zhou, S., Zokir, T., Mei, Y., Lei, L., Shi, K., Zou, T. and Shao, H. 2021. Allelopathic effect of Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. volatiles on selected species. Plants, 10(3): 495.
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Hazrati, H., Saharkhiz, M.J., Niakousari, M. and Moein, M. 2017. Natural herbicide activity of Satureja hortensis essential oil nanoemulsion on the seed germination and morphophysiological features of two important weed species. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 142: 423-430.
Jiang, C., Zhou, S., Liu, L., Toshmatov, Z., Huang, L., Shi, K. and Shao, H. 2021. Evaluation of the phytotoxic effect of the essential oil from Artemisia absinthium. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 226: 112856.
Karalija, E., Dahija, S., Parić, A. and Zeljković, S.Ć. 2020. Phytotoxic potential of selected essential oils against Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, an invasive tree. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 15: 100219.
Kaur, P., Gupta, S., Kaur, K., Kaur, N., Kumar, R. and Bhullar, M.S. 2021. Nanoemulsion of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil: A propitious striver against weeds of Triticum aestivum. Industrial Crops and Products, 168: 113601.
Laosinwattana, C., Wichittrakarn, P. and Teerarak, M. 2018. Chemical composition and herbicidal action of essential oil from Tagetes erecta leaves. Industrial crops and products, 126: 129-134.
Maccioni, A., Santo, A., Falconieri, D., Piras, A., Farris, E., Maxia, A. and Bacchetta, G. 2020. Phytotoxic effects of Salvia rosmarinus essential oil on Acacia saligna seedling growth. Flora, 269: 151639.
Nasr Isfahan, M. and Shariati, M. 2007. The effect of some allelochemicals on seed germination of Coronilla varia seeds. American–Eurasian Journal Agricalture Environmental Science, 2(5): 534-538.
Omezzine, F., Ladhari, A., Rinez, A. and Haouala, R. 2011. Potent herbicidal activity of Inula crithmoïdes Scientia Horticulturae, 130(4): 853-861.
Rather, M.A., Dar, B.A., Sofi, S.N., Bhat, B.A. and Qurishi, M.A. 2016. Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9: S1574-S1583.
Richardson, D.R. and Williamson, G.B. 1988. Allelopathic effects of shrubs of the sand pine scrub on pines and grasses of the sandhills. Forest Science, 34(3): 592-605.
Sabzi Nojadeh, M., Pouresmaeil, M., Younessi-Hamzekhanlu, M. and Venditti, A. 2021. Phytochemical profile of fennel essential oils and possible applications for natural antioxidant and controlling Convolvulus arvensis Natural Product Research, 35(21): 4164-4168.
Safahani, A.R. and Ghooshchi, F. 2014. Allelopathic effects of aqueous and residue of different weeds on germination and seedling growth of wheat. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 27(1): 100-109. [In Persian with English Summary].
Saharkhiz, M.J., Ashiri, F., Salehi, M.R., Ghaemaghami, J. and Mohammadi, S. 2009. Allelopathic potential of essential oils from Carum copticum, Cuminum cyminum L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Zataria multiflora Boiss. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 3(1): 32-35.
Saharkhiz, M.J., Smaeili, S. and Merikhi, M. 2010. Essential oil analysis and phytotoxic activity of two ecotypes of Zataria multiflora growing in Iran. Natural Product Research, 24(17): 1598-1609.
Stephane, F.F. Y. and Jules, B.K.J. 2020. Terpenoids as important bioactive constituents of essential oils. In essential oils-bioactive compounds, new perspectives and applications. London, UK: IntechOpen.
Taban, A., Saharkhiz, M.J. and Hadian, J. 2013. Allelopathic potential of essential oils from four Satureja Biological agriculture & horticulture, 29(4): 244-257.
Tandon, S. 2019. Degradation of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and its metabolite in soil and wheat crops. Journal of Food Protection, 82(11): 1959-1964.
Tandon, S. and Pant, R. 2019. Kinetics of diuron under aerobic condition and residue analysis in sugarcane under subtropical field conditions. Environmental technology, 40(1): 86-93.
Tavallali, V., Rowshan, V., Gholami, H. and Hojati, S. 2020. Iron-urea nano-complex improves bioactive compounds in essential oils of Ocimum basilicum Scientia Horticulturae, 265: 109222.
Teerarak, M., Laosinwattana, C. and Charoenying, P. 2010. Evaluation of allelopathic, decomposition and cytogenetic activities of Jasminum officinale f. var. grandiflorum (L.) Kob. on bioassay plants. Bioresource Technology, 101(14): 5677-5684.
Yarnia, M., Benam, M.K., Tabrizi, E.F.M., Nobari, N. and Ahmadzadeh, V. 2011. Effect of planting dates and density in drought stress condition on yield and yield components of Amaranth cv. Koniz. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(6): 1139-1150.
Zhou, S., Zokir, T., Mei, Y., Lei, L., Shi, K., Zou, T. and Shao, H. 2021. Allelopathic effect of Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. volatiles on selected species. Plants, 10(3): 495.
