ارزیابی تنوع اکومورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی Artemisia sieberi Besser. در رویشگاه‎های مختلف استان قم

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

شهرام یزدی فر ¹ , حسنعلی نقدی بادی ² , علی مهرآفرین ³ , سپیده کلاته جاری ⁴ , الهام دانائی ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
5 - استادیار،گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/07/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/10/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/13

کلید واژه: پرولین, کلروفیل, اسانس, فنول, درمنه دشتی,

چکیده مقاله :

در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی و مقایسه صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی Artemisia sieberi، سرشاخه‌های هوایی و گلدار گیاه به‌صورت تصادفی از 20 منطقه مختلف استان قم جمع آوری گردید. صفات مورد بررسی شامل: ارتفاع گیاه، وزن خشک برگ و ساقه، درصد خاکستر برگ، طول و عرض برگ، وزن خشک اندام‎هوایی، میزان کلروفیل، قندهای محلول، پرولین، فنول، فلاونوئید و میزان اسانس جمعیت های مختلف بانضمام شرایط اکولوژیکی و ترکیبات خاک در هر منطقه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. با توجه به تنوع اکولوژیکی رویشگاه‎های استان قم و بر اساس تجزیه به مولفه‎های اصلی[1] برای خصوصیات اکومورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی جمعیت‎های درمنه دشتی، بیشترین تنوع خصوصیات و بار عاملی به ترتیب در صفات میزان کلروفیل a، b و مقدار وزن خشک اندام ‎هوایی به عنوان مهم‌ترین خصوصیات متمایزکننده جمعیت‎های درمنه دشتی مشاهده شد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه‎خوشه‎ای[2] جدایی جمعیت‎های درمنه دشتی را در 2 گروه اصلی به‌ترتیب با 13 و 7 جمعیت در دندروگرام سلسله مراتبی نشان داد. نتایج حاصل از همبستگی صفات نشان داد که وزن خشک با میزان کلرفیل و درصد اسانس ارتباط معنی‌دار مثبت داشته است. به‌طورکلی میزان پرولین، قندهای محلول، فنول و فلاونوئید، ارتباط معنی‌داری با صفات اکولوژیکی، دمایی و میزان بارندگی در هر منطقه دارد. ارتفاع هر منطقه با میزان پرولین دارای همبستگی منفی و با درصد اسانس همبستگی مثبت داشته است، به‌طورکلی با افزایش ارتفاع میزان پرولین کاهش و درصد اسانس افزایش می‌یابد که جمعیت ونان با بیشترین ارتفاع، بیشترین درصد اسانس را نشان داده است. به‌طورکلی میزان بارندگی و ارتفاع محیط بر شکل ظاهری و میزان ترکیبات گیاه موثر است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In this study, in order to study and compare the morphological and phytochemical traits of Artemisia sieberi Besser., aerial parts of the plant at the full flowering stage were collected randomly from 20 different regions of Qom province. Morph physiological and phytochemical traits including plant height, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf ash percentage, leaf and width length, shoot dry weight, as well as chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, proline, phenol, flavonoid, and essential oil percentage of different populations, were measured. In addition, ecological conditions and soil composition in each area were assessed. Due to the ecological diversity of habitats in Qom province and based on the analysis of the main components for ecomorphological and phytochemical traits of Artemisia sieberi populations, the highest diversity of characteristics and factor load was observed in chlorophyll a, b and aerial dry weight as the most important distinguishing feature of A. sieberi populations, respectively. The results of cluster analysis showed the separation of A. sieberi populations in two main groups with 13 and 7 populations in a hierarchical dendrogram, respectively. The results of correlation of traits showed that aerial dry weight had a significant positive relationship with chlorophyll and essential oil content. In general, the amount of proline, soluble sugars, phenols and flavonoids had a significant relationship with ecological traits, temperature and rainfall in each region. In addition, the altitude of each region was negatively correlated with the amount of proline and positively correlated with the percentage of essential oil, so that the population of Vanan with the highest altitude had the highest percentage of essential oil. In general, the amount of rainfall and the height of the environment affect the appearance and amount of plant compounds.

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