بررسی اثر زمان برداشت بر برخی از خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی برگ گیاه دارویی (.Cynara scolymus L )
محورهای موضوعی : زراعت و اصلاح نباتاتمرضیه اله دادی 1 , لاله مشرف بروجنی 2
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
2 - عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: زمان برداشت, فنل کل, فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی, کلروژنیک اسید, فلاونوئید کل,
چکیده مقاله :
کنگرفرنگی (Cynara scolymus L.) گیاهی چند ساله از تیره Asteraceae است که در سراسر جهان جایگاه ویژه‌ای در صنایع داروسازی و غذایی دارد. به منظور ارزیابی برخی خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی برگ کنگرفرنگی در مراحل مختلف رشدی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در اصفهان طی دو سال زراعی متوالی (1394 -1393 و 1394-1395) به اجرا در آمد. تیمارها برداشت برگ در مراحل مختلف رشدی (مرحله رشد رویشی، غنچه دهی و گلدهی) در سال دوم رشد بودند. پس از برداشت میزان فنل کل (روش فولین سیوکالتیو)، فلاونوئید کل (روش رنگ سنجی آلومینیوم کلرید)، کلروژنیک اسید (کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا) و توانمندی آنتی اکسیدانی به دو روش قدرت مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد DPPH و قدرت احیاءکنندگی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی و توانمندی آنتی اکسیدانی برگ طی مراحل مختلف رشدی از مقادیر متفاوتی برخوردار بود به نحوی که بیشترین مقدار فنل کل (25/76 میلی‌گرم گالیک اسید در گرم ماده خشک)، فلاونوئید کل (28/1 میلی‌گرم کوئرستین در گرم ماده خشک)، کلروژنیک اسید(25/2 درصد در ماده خشک)، قدرت مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد DPPH (34/92 درصد) و قدرت احیاءکنندگی (16/2) عصاره برگ در مرحله غنچه دهی مشاهده شد. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین فنل کل با فلاونوئید کل و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی وجود داشت. همچنین رابطه بین کلروژنیک اسید با قدرت مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد DPPH و قدرت احیاءکنندگی مثبت و معنی‌دار بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصله، برداشت برگ کنگرفرنگی در مرحله غنچه دهی به لحاظ دارا بودن ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی مطلوب، مناسب‌تر از سایر مراحل رشدی است.
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It has a special place in the pharmaceutical and food industries all over the world. In order to evaluate some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke leaves at different growth stages, an experiment was conducted by using a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications in Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources center during two consecutive years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016). In the second year, the leaves were collected at three growth stages: vegetative, heading and flowering in the second year. After harvesting, some quality factors such as their total phenolic content (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoids (Colorimetric Method of Aluminum Chloride), chlorogenic acid content (HPLC method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power) were measured. The results showed that the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of artichoke leaves were different at the three growth stages. The highest amount of phenolic content (76.25 mg GAE g-1 DW), total flavonoid (1.28 mg QE g-1 DW), chlorogenic acid content (2.25 % DM), DPPH (92.34 %) and reducing power (2.16) of methanolic extract was observed in heading stage. There was a positive and significant correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Also, the relationship between chlorogenic acid content and DPPH and reducing power was positive and significant. According to the results, the harvesting of artichoke leaves at the heading stage is better than other growth stages due to their favorable characteristics.
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