بررسی میزان تغییرات اسانس،کلروفیل، کارتنوئید، آنتوسیانسن و فلاونوئید Mentha longifolia ( L.) Hods. subsp. longifolia در رویشگاه‌های مختلف مرند

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

وحید نوروزی ¹ (دانشجوی رشته کارشناسی‌ارشد زراعت دانشگاه پیام نور کرج، کرج، ایران)
سعید یوسف زاده ² (استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ، ایران)
کمال سادات اسیلان ³ (دانشیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
سیروس منصوری فر ⁴ (دانشیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/10/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/30 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/03/01

کلید واژه: آذربایجان, کلروفیل, اسانس, فلاونوئید, آنتوسیانین, پونه, مرند,

چکیده مقاله :

در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی خصوصیات کیفی پنج جمعیت پونه (Mentha longifolia ( L.) Hods. subsp. longifolia) در پنج رویشگاه، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سال 1394 در سه تکرار انجام گردید. در هر رویشگاه نمونه‌های گیاهی در یک کوادرات 5/0× 5/0 مترمربع از سطح خاک کف بر و در هر منطقه تعداد 3 نمونه‌برداری انجام گرفت که در محدوده ارتفاعی 1100 تا 1300 واقع در استان آذربایجان شرقی قرار داشتند. در کلیه مناطق، نمونه‌گیری در زمان گلدهی کامل انجام شد. میزان اسانس با استفاده از روش تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) اندازه‌گیری شد و محتوای کلروفیل (a، b، و کل)، کارتنوئید، فلاونوئید و آنتوسیانین کل به‌ترتیب با استفاده از روش‌های اسپکتوفتومتری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد میزان اسانس، فلاونوئید‌ کل کلروفیل، کارتنوئید و آنتوسیانین کل به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تاثیر رویشگاها‌ی مختلف قرار گرفتند. بیشترین میزان اسانس، کلروفیل، کارتنوئید، آنتوسانین و فلاونوئید از گیاهان برداشت شده از رویشگاه بنگین بدست آمد. درصد اسانس در جمعیت بنگین (25/2 درصد) در مقایسه با جمعیت سایر رویشگاه‌ها بیش از 100 درصد بود. میزان نیتروژن و ماده آلی و بافت خاک در رویشگاه بنگین تاثیر مثبتی در افزایش میزان اسانس و میزان رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی داشت. به‌دلیل میزان بیشتر نیتروژن، ماده آلی و بافت لومی خاک، میزان کلروفیل a، b و کل و کارتنوئید کل در گیاهان جمعیت بنگین در مقایسه با جمعیت کشک‌سرا تقریباً دو برابر بیشتر بود. به‌دلیل ارتفاع پایین‌تر مناطق کشک‌سرا و درویش محمد کمترین میزان آنتوسیانین و فلاونوئید در اینرویشگاه‌هامشاهده گردید.به‌طورکلی، جمعیت بنگین دارای بیشترین صفات کیفی مورد مطالعه بود. بنابراین با استفاده از این جمعیت می‌توان ارقامی با خصوصیات مطلوب زراعی تولید کرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In this research to determine the qualitative phytochemical characteristics of Mentha longifolia (L.) Hods. subsp. longifolia populations  in different  habitats , an experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with three replications during 2015. Aerial parts of plants were collected in different habitats of plant (Farfar, Yekan-Sadi, Bengin, Koshksara and Darvishmohammad - 1100 to 1300 m) in East Azerbaijan province and the plant samples removed under ground in 0.5×0.5 quadrate. Essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation method. The phytochemical analyses: total phenol, flavonoide, anthocyanine, caretenoide and chlorophyll were measured by using spectrophotometric technique. The results were showed that the amount of essential oil yield, total flavonoids, phenol, chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin content had high variation in different regions, but in Bengin population the plant had the highest content of these metabolites, respectively. In conclusion showed that the Bengin region had high altitude, with the highest nitrogen and organic matter content of soil and there was the positive correlation between the increasing of essential oil and another secondary metabolites of plant with the photosynthetic pigments contents. So due to high levels of plant metabolites compounds in Bengin population, this population of plant in this region can be produced cultivars with desirable crop traits.

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